Chardham Yatra: Way to Moksha

The Hindu philosophy of life is, when a man attains salvation or mukti, only then he is able to release himself from the repeated cycle of lives and death or reincarnations. It is believed that to come out of this whirlpool of life the best way is -to accomplish moksha. Moksha is the final release from self . It is like loosening of all the bondages and attaining oneness with the one or the almighty. All the religion believes in attaining mocha or salvation . They have different ways to achieve it. The Hindu philosophy believes in four disciplines to achieve it. The first discipline is karma yoga that is working for supreme. The second discipline is Janna yoga that is realizing the supreme. The third way to achieve salvation or moksha is Raja yoga that is meditating for supreme and lastly is Bhakti yoga that is serving supreme with loving devotion. Bhakti yoga is most acceptable yoga to attain salvation and visit to Chardham certainly helps in realizing it. These are four major pilgrimages that is why it is called Chardham. They begin with Yamunotri, Gangotri, Kedarnath and Badrinath. It is believed that yatra or parikarma should always begin from Gangotri and should end at Badrinath . Ancient people believed that a visit to the Himalayas washes away all the sins . That belief still exists and therefore people who are believers come to visit Chardham at least once in their life time to attain inner peace and satisfaction. Situated closest to the nature these dhams are a sort of spiritual adventure. Away from the hustle bustle of city life, amid nature’s tranquillity, is a time of introspection and a time to realize Supreme Being. That is the reason people visiting dhams become enriched and start looking at the life with a newer perspective.

Post-war inequalities in British health and education Essay

Poverty or low disposable income often results in an inadequate environment and not only for the obvious lack of resources such as books, pens and paper. Damp housing can have severe effects on health resulting in lower school attendance rates, or low concentration levels if child is often feeling unwell. Not having an allocated area to study is also an important factor. Kellet and Dar (2007) discovered that in low income areas where housing was cramped, children claimed that ‘Television was a distraction from homework because of the noise†¦ Other distractions in the home environment were smoking, swearing, banging and loud music. ‘ Also that homework clubs were vital to the success of children from disadvantaged families. This study was performed by children, with the guidance and research techniques of sociologists, there for it is perceived as having a deeper and more honest insight in to children’s issues. Other class factors resulting in underachievement may be less obvious. Values differ between class perspectives and affect a child’s motivation. Bowes et al (1990, p119) states that working class children are more likely to leave school as soon as they can, to find a steady job. ‘ Where as the middle class value differed gratification and ‘Socialise their children in to wanting to remain in education in the hope of a better job when they do leave. ‘ This was confirmed by the Child Development survey, which found middle class students staying on at school and achieving better examination results. The Home and The school study (1964) found that ‘the degree of parent’s interest in their children’s education was the single, most important factor affecting attainment. ‘ (Haralambos et al, 2004, p102). It found that ‘Middle class parents visited school more†¦ and were generally more interested in their child’s education. ‘ It also states that ‘an upper middle class child was five times more likely to get in to grammar school than a child from the lower working class. ‘ Further more ‘most of the working class pupils who were successful, came from homes where the mothers were â€Å"sunken middle class. † They wanted their children to do well and ‘expressed much parental interest,’ Bowes et al (1990, p119). This is because parental interest not only has a direct affect on the motivations and values of a child, but also on the school environment. Middle class parents, who often have more spare time and disposable income to invest in fundraising and extra curricular activities, can raise the standards of a school immeasurably. Making school a fun place to be, that is enjoyed by all the family, creates the positive learning environment that children thrive in. Quite understandably most working class parents are to busy â€Å"earning a crust† to find the time and energy to invest in such endeavors and as such adopt an â€Å"Education is the schools job† attitude. It is also understood that language has had a negative affect on the working class’s academic attainment. Professor Basil Bernstein has shown that the middle and lower classes use different patterns of speech. He called these patterns linguistic codes. According to Bernstein, most middle class children have been socialised in both restricted and elaborate codes, and are fluent in each. Whereas working class children are limited to the restricted code. Since teachers tend to be middle class and use the elaborate code, working class pupils are placed at a distinct disadvantage. There is also explanation for underachievement to be found in the â€Å"hidden curriculum† of a working class teacher, that is the subliminal messages he passes to children without intention. The cultural depravation theory states that children in the bottom classes are ‘deprived of important values, attitudes, experiences and skills which are essential to educational success,’ (Haralambos et al, 2004, p102). This has been strongly criticised and there is evidence that if class differences in culture exist, they are slight and of little significance.

Henry Ford Paper

This paper will go into detail about the young life, career and adult life of Henry Ford. Henry ford’s young life, in this paper will consist of his childhood. The paper will then describe all of his education and early jobs. Finally, this paper will conclude with Henry Ford’s adult life and home life (what he did when he wasn’t working), his career’s work and the impact Henry had on American History. This paper should help the reader better understand the life of Henry Ford: Who he was? Who he is? And why he was so vital to our American History.Henry Ford, born July 30, 1863, was the first of William and Mary Ford’s six children. He grew up on a prosperous family farm in what is today Dearborn, Michigan. Henry enjoyed a childhood typical of the rural nineteenth century, spending days in a one-room school and doing farm chores. At an early age he showed an interest in mechanical things and a dislike for farm work. He instead preferred to work with m echanical objects, particularly watches. He repaired his first watch when he was thirteen. Fixing watches was something he continues to do as sort of a hobby for the rest of his life.Being a farm boy and working on a farm for most of his childhood taught Ford that working hard and being responsible was of great value. Henry attended school until the age of fifteen. He had little interest in school and had poor grades as a child. He never learned to spell or read well, so when he wrote he used extremely simple words in his sentences. At the age of sixteen, Henry left home for the nearby city of Detroit to work as an apprentice machinist, although he did sometimes return to do work on the family farm. Ford eventually went back to apprentice and stayed that way for 3 years until he returned to Dearborn.As an apprentice he received 2. 50 a week. He later worked for Westinghouse, locating and repairing road engines. Henry’s dad was persistent that his son should be a farmer and of fered him forty acres of timberland, provided he would give up machinery. Henry accepted his dad’s offer, but didn’t use the acres for farming. He built a first-class machinist’s workshop on the property. His father was disappointed, but Ford did use the two years on the farm to win a bride, Clara Bryant. They had one child:  Edsel Ford  (1893–1943). Ford began to work for the Edison Illuminating Company in Detroit.In 1891 he was gone and had left the farm for good. 1n 1893, he became chief engineer at Detroit Edison Company, where he met Thomas Edison who eventually became one of Henry’s closest friends. Ford used all of his money, from the promotion to chief engineer, and spare time in experimenting on an internal combustion engine. This engine was a type of engine where a combination of fuel and air is burned inside of the engine to produce mechanical energy to perform useful work. Ford completed his first car in 1896. It was a small car dri ven by a two-cylinder, four-cycle motor and by far the lightest made at the time weighing only 500 ponds.His first car was mounted on bicycle wheels and had no reverse gear. In 1899 Henry Ford was forced with the decision of choosing between his job and automobiles by the Detroit Edison Company. Without hesitation Ford chose cars and in that same year Ford formed the Detroit Automobile Company, which collapsed after he had a disagreement with his financial helpers. After the collapse of the Detroit Automobile Company, Ford tried again in the unsuccessful Henry Ford Automobile Company. Ford only had none successful car venture and that was through his racing cars, about 999 were sold one driven by the famous Barney Oldfield.After two unsuccessful attempts to establish a company to manufacture automobiles, Henry incorporated the Henry Ford Company in 1903 with himself as Vice President and Chief Engineer. At the start of the company it only produces a few cars a day. Groups of men, ab out two or three per group, were to work on each car one at a time. Henry Ford then realized the future of transportation was his dream and destiny. He later introduced the Model T, a reliable, easy to maintain vehicle that could handle off roads and immediately became a huge success.By 1918 half of the cars in America were Model T’s. The amount of cars being sold was so high that he had to build another factory in Michigan in 1910, to supply enough Model T’s to the customers. In Michigan is where Henry Ford combines precision manufacturing, standardized and interchangeable parts, a division of labor and, in 1913 a continuous moving assembly line. The assembly line was an essential part in revolutionizing American history. The assembly line was a way of manufacturing multiple cars all at once without having groups of men working on one car all at once.Workers remained in place, adding one component to each automobile as it moved past them on the line. Delivery of parts by conveyer belt to the workers was carefully timed to keep the assembly line moving smoothly and efficiently. The assembly line significantly reduced assembly time per vehicle, thus lowering costs. Ford’s production of Model T’s made his company the largest automobile manufacturer in the world. The company began construction of the world’s largest industrial complex along the banks of the Rouge River in Dearborn, Michigan, during the late 1910s and early 1920s.This massive plant included all the elements necessary to produce automobiles: a steel mill, glass factory, and the famous automobile assembly line. By 1926, flagging sales of the Model T finally convinced Henry to make a new model. He pursued the project with a great deal of technical expertise in design of the engine, chassis, and other mechanical necessities, while leaving the body design to his son. Edsel also managed to prevail over his father's initial objections in the inclusion of a sliding-shift transmission.The result was the successful  Ford Model A, introduced in December 1927 and produced through 1931, with a total output of more than 4  million. Subsequently, the Ford Company adopted an annual model change system similar to that recently pioneered by its competitor General Motors (and still in use by automakers today). Ford, like other automobile companies, entered the aviation business during  World War I, building Liberty engines. After the war, it returned to auto manufacturing until 1925, when Ford acquired the  Stout Metal Airplane Company.Ford's most successful aircraft was the  Ford 4AT Trimotor, often called the â€Å"Tin Goose† because of its corrugated metal construction. It used a new alloy called  Alclad  that combined the corrosion resistance of aluminum with the strength of  duralumin. Ford was a pioneer of â€Å"welfare capitalism†, designed to improve the lot of his workers and especially to reduce the heavy  turnover  that had many departments hiring 300 men per year to fill 100 slots. Efficiency meant hiring and keeping the best workers. Ford astonished the world in 1914 by offering a $5 per day wage ($120 today), which more than doubled the rate of most of his workers.The move proved extremely profitable; instead of constant turnover of employees, the best mechanics in Detroit flocked to Ford, bringing their human capital and expertise, raising productivity, and lowering training costs. Ford had opposed America's entry into World War II  and continued to believe that international business could generate the prosperity that would head off wars. Ford â€Å"insisted that war was the product of greedy financiers who sought profit in human destruction†; in 1939 he went so far as to claim that the torpedoing of U.S. merchant ships by German submarines was the result of conspiratorial activities undertaken by financier war-makers. The financier to whom he was referring was Ford's code for J ews; he had also accused Jews of fomenting the First World War. Following a series of strokes in the late 1930s he became increasingly debilitated and was more of a figurehead; other people made the decisions in his name. [47]  After Edsel Ford's premature death, Henry Ford nominally resumed control of the company in 1943, but his mental ability was fading.In reality the company was controlled by a handful of senior executives led by  Charles Sorensen, an important engineer and production executive at Ford, and  Harry Bennett, the chief of Ford's Service Unit, Ford's paramilitary force that spied, and enforced discipline, on employees. As Ford became increasingly sidelined, he grew jealous of the publicity Sorensen received; Ford forced Sorensen out in 1944. Ford's philosophy was one of economic independence for the United States. His River Rouge Plant became the world's largest industrial complex, pursuing  vertical integration  to such an extent that it could produce its own steel.Ford's goal was to produce a vehicle from scratch without reliance on foreign trade. He believed in the global expansion of his company. He believed that international trade and cooperation led to international peace, and he used the assembly line process and production of the Model T to demonstrate it. In ill health, Ford ceded the presidency to his grandson  Henry Ford II  in September 1945 and went into retirement. He died in 1947 of a  cerebral hemorrhage  at age 83 in  Fair Lane, his Dearborn estate. A public viewing was held at Greenfield Village where up to 5,000 people per hour filed past the casket.Funeral services were held in Detroit's  Cathedral Church of St. Paul  and he was buried in the Ford Cemetery in Detroit. Henry Ford had at least three major impacts on society. First, he introduced the assembly line. By breaking down production into very simple tasks, he lowered the skill level needed to work in a factory (any factory not just automobile s). This allowed huge amounts of products to be created at lower prices. Second, just as importantly, he introduced the living wage concept. Before Ford, most large companies based their pay structure on immediate cost needs.They paid their employees the bare minimum they could to get workers and control costs. Third, an unpleasant impact was that he reinvigorated anti-Semitism in America. Ford deeply disliked Jews. Before WWII, Hitler actually gave Ford a medal and celebrated Ford's birthday. Until America entered the war, Ford refused to produce or sell to the British war effort. His bigotry was oddly contradictory in that he was a great patron of Detroit's black community. Still, Ford was the most high-profile anti-Semite in the country.

Innovation in Gurit Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Innovation in Gurit - Case Study Example Gurit, the company is one of the leading contenders in the composite materials and solutions industry. The customer base of the company is spread all over the world. The company has three decades history of providing innovative composite materials, engineering solutions and technical support to its customers all over the world. The potential target market of the company is in the sectors of Wind Energy, Transportation, Marine and selected other application areas. The company has cutting edge over other competitors of manufacturing tailored materials according to the unique requirements of customers. These composite materials are manufactured by pre-impregnating the composite materials also known as "prepregs". Important components of composite material solutions include structural foam products, formulated resins, adhesives and gel coats. The company has continued research in order to manufacture materials having unique characteristics of minimal weight, maximal stability and stiffness combining with unlimited suitable design properties catering the needs of today's modern construction and interior decoration. "The Company has production sites in Switzerland, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom in Europe, large facilities in Canada and China as well as the support of engineering, sales and service subsidiaries in the United States of America, India, Australia and New Zealand, Gurit is excellently positioned to serve a truly global customer base" (Gurit, 2007). The Company is listed in SIX Swiss Stick exchange and have it s headquarter in Zrich/Switzerland. Market position of Gurit: Market share is a good indicator of economic growth as compare to the financial analysis and raw sales data. The business model adopted by Gurit helped the organisation in increasing the yields in 2008 by improving the cash flows and increasing the returns on capital. According to the figures presented by the Gurit management the following trends were observed: "Target market sales up 6.7% in reported CHF; up 17.8% at constant December 2008 currency translation rates; Group sales including divestment effects up 1.6% to CHF 456.2 million Operational EBIT up from CHF -4.1 million to CHF 23.9 million Net income up from CHF 1 million to CHF 17 million Net Cash flow from operations at CHF 31.1 million CHF 1.7 million net cash 2008 vs CHF 45.7 million net debt 2007 Net working capital ratio reduced from 19.6% to 14.1% Flexible staff adjustments to volatile markets in Q2, 2009" (Figures taken from http://www.gurit.com/news.aspitemid=1277&itemTitle=Financial+year+2008+earnings§ion=000100010029§ionTitle=Market+News+items+from+around+Gurit) Full year 2008 results: The company reported an increase in net sales by 1.6% or CHF 456.2 million for the year 2008. The growth of 6.7% was also reported in

Final Constitution Project--the Country Of Houstatlantavegas Assignment

Final Constitution Project--the Country Of Houstatlantavegas - Assignment Example A Senate term will be four years while that of the house of representative is two years with both parties having unlimited number of terms they can serve. Both the president and the vice president shall be voted in by the citizens through free and secret ballot. The president will later nominate the cabinet and the Supreme Court justices who are eventually approved by the Senate. One shall have to attain the age of twenty -five years and been living in the country for at least seven years (Ritchie, 2006). If a vacancy in the elective posts occurs, the executive in charge shall issue a notice within sixty days. If it happens to be the president, the vice president shall automatically be the President for the remaining period. A runoff election occurs in the case of tied votes for any level of elective post. The president shall be required to get twenty-five percent of the total votes in twenty-seven states. Any candidate who proved to have violated the election regulations shall automatically not participate, and one can cease to hold an office through a vote of no confidence by three-thirds of the house (Ritchie,

Reflection on Multicultural Teamwork Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflection on Multicultural Teamwork - Essay Example Moreover, incorporating different personalities in a group has never been easy especially where different cultures are involved. Issues of discrimination, low contribution, inferiority complex, poor interpersonal skills, and other relevant demerits clearly hamper the success of any group participation. In the second coursework assignment on Tesco, I worked together, conducted a research, and made a presentation in a multicultural group. This essay will henceforth reflect on what happened in my group and discuss what I learnt about working in multicultural groups in the future.  In doing this, the essay will seek to answer various questions that relate to the working in the multicultural groups. Membership The members in my group came from diverse cultures. The different cultures manifest from their different areas of origin as this was an international class. However, the selection of the members to this group was somehow professional and equally friendly. Indeed, all the members w ere from one class, some selected randomly, others depending on their intellectuality, others to embrace cultural diversity, while others were just friends. At the start, we did not know each other well subject to the diverse selection criteria but upon introduction, team building, and a few meetings we were able to understand one another well. Teamwork Indeed, all the members were equally concerned on the task and were eager to succeed in it. As such, we discussed on how to work together by highlighting what we need, our individual capabilities and weaknesses, and our different cultures before engaging in the task. In addressing matters of leadership, we had an interim coordinator who coordinated all the activities of the group. We also had a secretariat that recorded our observations, findings, and conclusions. However, every member was responsible of all the activities of the group. In delegating duties, we put into consideration various individual qualities, capabilities, and kn owhow. Since was relevant in ensuring full participation in the group in all aspects of life. While some members were good in research, others were good in organization, others in leadership and interpersonal communication and vice versa. These attributes determined what role one was to take. Subject to our cultural diversity, the group chose to use universal communication language, English although we still had members who would interpret various languages. Moreover, the group relied on interpersonal skills for effective communication. The group drew and restricted its operations to a well-defined timetable. This was effective in keeping deadlines and planning. The group coordinator had immense skills in ensuring that the members stick to the time limits. Moreover, individual concentration kept the group within the timeframe. In case of conflicts and issues as they sometimes came up, the group coordinator and other members with good leadership and mediation skills resolved the matt er and in extreme cases, we consulted the tutor. Although we used our timecard to check on our progress, our tutor consequently made numerous visits and checks on the groups’ progress in addressing the task. Indeed, the tutor’s input kept us on the right track. Challenges in the Team Work Indeed, there were various challenges to the group work subject to the complexity of the task,

Circuits with Feedback and Sine Wave Oscillators Coursework - 1

Circuits with Feedback and Sine Wave Oscillators - Coursework Example These are positive or regenerative feedback and negative or degenerative feedback (Ellinger, 2008). The different between the two types of feedback entails whether the feedback signal is out of phase or in phase with an input signal. Positive or Regenerative feedback is said to occur whenever the feedback signal happens to be in phase with an input signal (Maas 53). The block diagram below shows an amplifier having a positive feedback. It can be deduced from the diagram that the input signal and the feedback signal are in phase implying that the feedback signal regenerates or adds the input signal. Following this, there occurs somewhat larger amplitude in the output signal that it could occur without there being the feedback. Considering a positive feedback in the transistor amplifier, it is noted that it is somewhat simple providing a positive feedback in the common-base transistor amplifier. Given that the output and the input signals are both in phase, what one requires to do is to couple a section of the input signal back to an input. The block diagram below shows these phenomena. Basing on this diagram, it is clear that the feedback network is constituted by C2 and R2, with the value of C2 being larger in order for the capacitive reactance labelled XC to become low and to enable the capacitor to be able to couple the signal quite easily. Moreover, the value of the resistive R2 must be larger in order for it to limit the amount of feedback signal, as well as in ensuring that the majority of an output signal is connects to the next stage via C3. As widely cited, the common-emitter configuration is one of the most common configurations for the transistor amplifiers (Maas 34). However, a positive feedback seems to be somehow more difficult with the common emitter configuration since in most cases, the output and input signals are often 180Â º out of phase (Maas 46). Negative feedback, on the other hand, is often achieved through adding part of

International Business Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 1

International Business Environment - Essay Example Once a British colony, Kuwait's independence was granted in 1961. Throughout, its economy's survival is almost entirely bolstered by its oil production and sales. With the income, the government can have considerable support for its revenues, and attract in foreign workers (Factsheet, 2007). When Iraq under Saddam Hussein absorbed Kuwait in the 1990s, Iraq was overthrown from the country by a US-led military coalition, an event known as the 1991 Gulf war. With that aid, Kuwait became a close ally of the US (Factsheet, 2007). As IMF and the World Bank encouraged most of the countries to do, Kuwait opened to foreign capital and vied for international investment starting from the 1990s. Mainly, Kuwait's strategy is to produce and sell as much oil as they can worldwide that it would become largely, the sole provider of the world's oil and US would certainly have it in its interests. (Pfeifer, 2002) Being the fourth largest producer now, this isn't a far-fetch goal. FDI had been advocated by many to be the boost developing economies need in order to progress sustainably. Globalization through FDI is a mainstream event since the 90s. But policymakers in Kuwait as in the other developing countries are not aware that when their economic fundamentals do not match what is needed for this increase in FDI, however many the incentives they offer to attract FDI , they would just go to waste. But, internationalization through exports is Kuwait's overriding strategy; it is a country looking toward development by globalizing through FDI. (Nunnenkamp, 2001) Kuwait's Foreign Direct Investment A costly financial initiative like the later-to-be-discussed FDI Law is implemented because Kuwait anticipates the potential benefits to outweigh these costs. But the view's shortcoming is that Kuwait, like the others, cannot be sure if FDI really could do much in gearing them towards development. After all, the impact of FDI relies on many

Disparity and Discrimination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Disparity and Discrimination - Essay Example Disparity means the â€Å"difference between the ratios of a cognizable group in one population when compared to the ratio of that same group in another population† (Commission on Racial and Ethnic Disparity in the Criminal Justice System, 2004, p. 6). This means that if for example, 15% of women in the USA are arrested, but that 40% of the women arrested are from one racial or ethnic group, disparity is evident. The one racial group (the 40%) is therefore overrepresented, and the other racial groups may be underrepresented. Disparity, however, does not always mean that discrimination is taking place. Discrimination occurs when disparate treatment – when one group is being treated differently from others for â€Å"invalid reasons such as gender, racial and/or ethnic status† (Commission on Racial and Ethnic Disparity in the Criminal Justice System, 2004, p. 6). When disparity is caused by discrimination in the Criminal Justice System, it is of great concern, as the Constitution of the United States of America is contradicted. Therefore, if people from minority groups are more likely to be arrested, or to appear in court, or imprisoned, discrimination is clear, and the situation has to be addressed. Both disparity and discrimination remain characteristics of the Criminal Justice System in the USA, even though the law is meant to prevent especially discrimination. This is true of all levels of the Criminal Justice System: law enforcement, court procedures, and in correction populations. The ratio of African-Americans, Latinos and Native Americans found in every stage of the Criminal Justice System is higher than the ratio of any other ethnic or racial group in the USA (Johnson & Widder Heilman, 2001, website). While it is clear that the proportion of particular race groups does differ from area to area, which would explain the disparity of arrests, it is also clear that nationally,

Battle of Thermopylae (c. 480BC) Research Paper

Battle of Thermopylae (c. 480BC) - Research Paper Example King Leonidas was held out with mere 300 hoplites and was against thousands of best Great King’s troops. The battle of Thermopylae was during the invasion of Persian between 480-479 BC. The battle was first and between the Greeks and Persians. The force of Greek was very minute and was very much determined to fight and stand against thousands of Persian army. In central Greece, association of Greek-states at the pass of Thermopylae fought with the invading Persians. Greeks were outnumbered but they fought and held back Persians for three days and is known as history’s one of the most famous last stands. King of Sparta Leonidas blocked the road which was the only road to pass by the massive force of Xerxes I of Persia. The 300 Spartans fought till the end but were all killed and they would have known in advance that they would be killed. The courage shown by the Sparta provided a sense of belief and inspiration to the Greeks1. Spartans were never afraid of enemies and th eir numbers. Opposing forces According to Herodotus, Greek city-states consisted of around more than 6,200 men who fought with Persian army and were totally outnumbered. Persian army was about 2,242,000+. Greek army included 300 Spartans, 1000 Phocians, 500 Tegeans, other Arcadians 1000 and others. But comparing with the Persian army it is very minimal and very small army force. Persian army included 500,000 fleet crew, 1,500,000 infantry, 320,000 Greek allied troops, etc. numbers are very large indeed. 300 Spartans who fought for Greek city were an elite group of Spartan hoplites2. Each man of 300 Spartans had a living son. And it is said that each of the 300 Spartans had someone to fight for. 300 elite Spartans were led by the king Leonidas. Strategic and tactical considerations of the Opposing forces The Spartans didn’t have many options. But the king of Sparta Leonidas decided to place scorched earth policy. Policy was placed so that Greeks went out and destroy all buildi ngs, livestock and grain and polluted the main water supply. And all the work was done before the arrival of Persians. When Persians arrived with their huge force at Thermopylae they had to rely on food which is being sent to them. They also found that they could not leave the land and that is not the situation to be in. The Greeks decided that they would make a stand at Thermopylae which is a narrow pass where northwest of Athens met at the sea. From the strategic point, Greeks have used best possible way to stop huge army of patricians. The Greek style of warfare was tactically suited in the pass at Thermopylae3. Leonidas used forces in a narrow pass so that Persians could not attack from flanks. The Greeks deployed in a phalanx. And this basically means Greeks stood in firm lines and used large shields to protect them. They stood firmly in lines and locked their shields together. They locked their shields so tight and close that there isn’t any gap between the shields for enemy to attack. Battle of Thermopylae First day The Phocians built a large ancient wall to stop raids from Thessaly. But it was destroyed and fallen apart. Leonidas went on to rebuild the wall and also send some local Greeks to protect the people who are rebuilding the wall. The Persians saw that rebuilding of the wall but were not concerned by the small force of Greeks. Persians

Aviation security Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Aviation security - Research Paper Example Reports from the radar signal imply that, before the crew lost contact with the Air traffic controllers, the flight might have turned around. The international investigators who were searching for the missing plane released a report in which they indicated the prevalence of rough conditions which did not allow for effective search of the plane such as deep water in the Indian Ocean and remote location. The search was commenced in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand since it was the area in which the plane was missed on the secondary surveillance radar. After analysis of the path the flight might have taken, the search team shifted their efforts to the southern part of the Indian Ocean by narrowing their areas to 60,000 km2 of West of Australia. The search on this area was utterly unfruitful. There was no indication of any flight debris or a crash site. As such, the there was no official theory which was formulated by the authorities that could have aided in the search for the missing flight. As a result, there were informal many theories and speculations of what happened to the plain. There are no reports on where the plane might be or whether the passengers and the crew members are still alive despite month of searching. The search effort for this plane is of a multinational dimension which has turned out to be the most expensive and largest search efforts in history. There has been diverse theories and misconception about the causes of disappearance of the Boeing 777. Some of the theories indicate that the plane was shot down due to military conflicts between Thailand and the United States in the South China Sea. This theory is developed in Nigel Cawthorne’s Flight MH370: The Mystery. In his theory, the shoot down might have been accidental. Another theory is the â€Å"9/11 theory† that has been widely spread in the internet. The theory originated from Christopher Green of

Porter’s five forces Essay Example for Free

Porter’s five forces Essay Michael E Porter developed the Porter’s five forces analysis in 1979 which serves as a framework for industry analysis and business strategy development. Its five forces determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. Attractiveness in this context refers to the overall industry profitability. Three of Porters five forces refer to competition from external sources. The remainder are internal threats. It is useful to use Porters five forces in conjunction with SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats). Porter referred to these forces as the micro environment. They consist of those forces close to a company that affect its ability to serve its customers and make a profit. The stronger the forces, the less profit they will make and vice-versa. A change in any of the forces normally, requires a business unit to re-assess the marketplace given the overall change in industry information. The overall industry attractiveness does not imply that every firm in the industry will return the same profitability. Porters five forces include three forces from horizontal competition: threat of substitute products, the threat of established rivals, and the threat of new entrants; and two forces from vertical competition: the bargaining power of suppliers and the bargaining power of customers. The threat of the entry of new competitors The treat of new entrants depend on the ease with which they can enter the market. Markets with high profits will attracts new firms. The major barriers are: * Need for economies of scale * High entry costs * Lack of distribution channels * Government policies such as selective subsidies * Cost advantages of existing firms such as access to raw materials, know how * Strong product- loyal customers The intensity of competitive rivalry Strong rivalry will reduce profits. This occurs when: * Many firms, none dominant * Slow market growth * Fixed costs are high * High exit costs * Similar products In high competitive markets, threat of new entrants is high.

PBA Murr vs Wisconsin Case Analysis

PBA Murr vs Wisconsin Case Analysis Adem Mehmetaj I. The question being asked is should two legally distinct but commonly owned contiguous lots of land be combined for takings analysis purposes? Joseph P. Murr and his family bought 2 lots approximately the same size and at different times. The issue before us is that Murr no longer wishes to hold one of the lots and St. Croix rules that he is not allowed to sell only one of the lots due to environmental concerns. Petitioners claim that state and federal courts are in substantial conflict with respect to the issue at hand and cite numerous cases in an attempt to derive support for their proposition. Those cases as well as the examples provided below all involve different facts and circumstances. They confirm that a flexible, ad hoc, approach has consistently been used by the lower courts to define the relevant property and to determine whether compensation is due. The Wisconsin appellate court ruled that because the two lots are contiguous, and happen to be owned by the same people , this Courts parcel as a whole rule from Penn Central requires combining the two parcels for takings analysis. From the Murrs perspective, Lots E and F are two separate parcels, created as legally separate lots, taxed separately, and purchased separately. The lots were never developed together, and were purchased for completely different reasons. Nevertheless, because the Murrs own both parcels, the Wisconsin court ruled that these two parcels combined were the Murrs parcel as a whole. This conclusion was driven by the contiguous ownership. II. The parents of Joseph P. Murr and his siblings (the Murrs) purchased two adjacent lots (Lots E and F) in St. Croix County in 1960. The two lots together made up approximately .98 acres. In 1994 and 1995 respectively, the Murrs parents transferred Lot F and Lot E to their children. In 1995, the two lots were merged pursuant to St. Croix Countys code of ordinances. The relevant ordinance prohibits the individual development or sale of adjacent lots under common ownership, unless an individual lot was at least one acre. The ordinance further specified that if each lot is not at least one acre, the lots may be measured together to equal one acre. Seven years later, the Murrs wanted to sell Lot E and not Lot F. The St. Croix County Board of Adjustment denied the Murrs application to sell the lots separately. The Murrs sued the state and county and claimed the ordinance in question resulted in an uncompensated taking of their property and deprived them of all, or practically all, of th e use of Lot E because the lot cannot be sold or developed as a separate lot. The circuit court granted summary judgement to the state and county. The Court of Appeals of Wisconsin affirmed and held that the Murrs were not deprived of their practical use of the property. Nevertheless, Petitioners submitted their plan to the St. Croix County Board for consideration. The Board denied their plan and refused to make an exception to the longstanding regulations. Instead of modifying the plan or submitting a less-intrusive plan that complied with the existing regulations Petitioners filed this lawsuit alleging a regulatory taking. The Supreme Court confirmed the parcel as a whole rule in Keystone Bituminous Coal Association v. DeBenedictis, where coal operators asserted that a court should only consider the coal that could not be mined to determine whether a state law requiring them to leave a certain amount of coal in the ground amounted to a regulatory taking. The Supreme Court again endorsed the parcel as a whole rule in Concrete Pipe Products, Inc. v. Construction Laborers Pension Trust. There, Concrete Pipe claimed that a regulatory taking occurred when federal law required it to pay withdrawal liability to a pension trust. In 2006, the Murrs brought suit in St. Croix County Circuit Court, which ruled against them and affirmed the Zoning Boards decision denying the variance to sell or use the two lots as separate building sites. The Murrs claim that since Lot E and F were created as legally separate lots purchased separately for different purposes and taxed separately, they should also be able to sell them separately. The Murrs reject the claim that Penn Central v City of New York[1] established a rule stating that two legally distinct properties should be considered as contiguous parcels. Under Penn Central, to determine whether a particular government action has accomplished a taking, courts are to focus both on the character of the action and on the natur e and extent of the right interference with rights in the parcel as a whole. [2] On appeal in 2011, the Wisconsin State Appellate Court once again upheld the boards decision. It held that the two lots are contiguous and also happen to be owned by the same people, so implementing the Courts parcel as a whole rule from Penn Central does in fact require combining the two parcels for takings analysis. Furthermore, the Court of Appeals rejected the petitioners notion that the lots had not merged as a result of the Grandfather Clause because the lots were already subject to the 1976 environmental regulation when they had been merged under joint ownership in 1995. The Appellate Court ruled that it was not a taking because the Murrs property, taken as a whole, could be used for residential purposes, among other things. [3] The circuit court had also stated that a year-round residence could be built on top of the bluff and the residence could be located entirely on Lot E, entirely on Lot F, or could straddle both lots. [4] III. The Takings Clause of the U.S. Constitution states simply nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. However, that clause has taken on a distinguished role in constitutional jurisprudence, notably with relation to the boundaries of state and native restrictive power. Any discussion of the Takings Clause ought to begin with the history that led to its enactment and therefore the approach case law has developed. The Takings Clause found its origin in Section 39 of the Magna Carta, which declared that land would not be taken without some form of due process: No freemen shall be taken or imprisoned or disseised or exiled or in any way destroyed, nor will we go upon him nor send upon him, except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land. The Fifth Amendment was solely a restriction against the central. Whereas there have been some limits on the powers of the States before 1865, the Civil War caused the federal government to rest rict the powers of the state governments against their own voters through the passage of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments. The Fourteenth Amendment created restrictions to the States through Due Process clause. The Due Process Clause gradually shifted. One shift was procedural and was developed to assure that hearings and alternative governmental decision-making processes were conducted fairly. This review of the processes of government is understood as procedural due process of law. A second line of cases extended the boundaries on the federal government within the Bill of Rights to state and local government action exploiting the Due Process Clause. For roughly one hundred years after the passage of the post-Civil War amendments, The Due Process Clause judicial proceeding resulted in incorporation of a number of the restrictions on the federal government within the Bill of Rights to state and local actions moreover. The Supreme Court applied the Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment to the States through the Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Clause in Chicago Burlington and Quincy R.R. v. City of Chicago, 166 U.S. 226 (1897). Beginning with Mugler v. Kansas, 123 U.S. 623 (1887), during which the U.S. Supreme Court indicated that that Court may review, through the due process of law Clause, the substance of legislation. To review both the procedure as well as the substance of legislation can be referred to as substantive due process. This part of the Due Process Clause allows judges to second-guess state and local legislative decisions. Under substantive due process, a court may verify whether or not the ends and means of legislation were acceptable and whether or not the legislation was unduly oppressive to regulated parties.In Kelo v. city of new London, 125 S. Ct. 2655 (June 23, 2005), the question arose on whether or not the utilization of eminent domain alone for economic development purposes may be a valid public use. Any regulations placed on ones property does indeed infringe on their right of land. That does not mean however it can be deemed a taking. Takings Clause is tricky, because it is not always clear what is a taking and what is not. The unclear interpretation of what a takings is expected to remain in an unpredictable path. IV. St. Croix County and the State of Wisconsin cite numerous environmental interests with the regulations in question. According to the St. Croix County Zoning Board, granting the Murrs the variance could result in yet another residence with access to the river, additional tree cutting and excavating, and another sanitary system in an area with serious limiting factors. We must discuss if these environmental interests are legitimate in preventing landowners from selling. We must decide to either uphold or reverse the Appellate Courts decision that Penn Central, whose building and airspace were considered contiguous parcels, establish a rule that is applicable to the case in question. Furthermore, we must decide if under Lucas v South Carolina Coastal Council,[5] in which the land essentially useless, the Murrs could be entitled to Monetary compensation. Congress enacted the National Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (Act) in 1968 to preserve certain rivers for the enjoyment of present and future generations, to wit: It is hereby declared to be the policy of the United States that certain selected rivers of the Nation which, with their immediate environments, possess outstandingly remarkable scenic, recreational, geologic, fish and wildlife, historic, cultural or other similar values, shall be preserved in free-flowing condition, and that they and their immediate environments shall be protected for the benefit and enjoyment of present and future generations. The Congress declares that the established national policy of dams and other construction at appropriate sections of the rivers of the United States needs to be complemented by a policy that would preserve other selected rivers or sections thereof in their free-flowing condition to protect the water quality of such rivers and to fulfill other vital national conservation purposes.[6] Under both cases, I suggest that we uphold the Boards original decision in 2005. As the circuit and appellate courts both stated, aft er the lots were placed under common ownership as contiguous parcels, they are subject to the countys current zoning regulations. In 1986, Lucas bought two residential lots on the Isle of Palms, a South Carolina barrier island. He intended to build single-family homes as on the adjacent lots. In 1988, the state legislature enacted a law which barred Lucas from erecting permanent habitable structures on his land. The law aimed to protect erosion and destruction of barrier islands. Lucas sued and won a large monetary judgment. The state appealed. Since unlike Lucas, the Murrs may build on both parcels and sell them together for a reasonable price, there is no need for compensation. Furthermore, the Countys environmental interest outweighs that of Murrs. Just v. Marinette County, 56 Wis. 2d 7, 201 N.W.2d 761 (1972), a shoreland zoning ordinance established a conservancy district over wetlands within 1,000 feet of a lake and prohibited any filling without a permit. This, in effect, prev ented the changing of the natural character of the land à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.[7] The landowner asserted the ordinance was unconstitutional because it amounted to constructive taking without compensation. The court disagreed, finding the ordinance a valid exercise of the police power to protect navigable waters and the public rights therein from the degradation and deterioration which results from uncontrolled use and development of shorelands.[8] In Penn Central, New York Citys landmark preservation interest outweighed the use of airspace as a skyscraper. V. Based on the foregoing, we conclude the circuit court properly granted summary judgment in favor of the County and State of Wisconsin. The undisputed facts establish that the Murrs property, viewed as a whole, retains beneficial and practical use as a residential lot. Accordingly, we conclude they have not alleged a compensable taking as a matter of law. Bibliography Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954). Chicago, B. Q. R. Co. v. Chicago, 166 U.S. 226 (1897). Just v. Marinette County, 56 Wis. 2d 7, 201 N.W.2d 761 (1972). Kelo v. New London 545 U.S. 469 (2005). Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council 505 U.S. 1003 (1992). Magna Carta, Chapter 39, June 15, 1215. Mugler v. Kansas, 123 U.S. 623 (1887). Murr v. Wisconsin, Oyez, https://www.oyez.org/cases/2016/15-214 (last visited Dec 19, 2016). Nectow v. City of Cambridge, 277 U.S. 183 (1928). Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City, 438 U.S. 104 (1978). Slaughterhouse Cases, 83 U.S. 16 Wall. 36 36 (1872). United States v. Carolene Products Co., 304 U.S. 144 (1938). Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co., 272 U.S. 365 (1926). [1] Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City, 438 U.S. 104 (1978). [2] ibid. [3] Murr v. Wisconsin, Oyez, https://www.oyez.org/cases/2016/15-214 (last visited Dec 19, 2016). [4] ibid. [5] Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council 505 U.S. 1003 (1992). [6] Murr v. Wisconsin, Oyez, https://www.oyez.org/cases/2016/15-214 (last visited Dec 19, 2016). [7] Just v. Marinette County, 56 Wis. 2d 7, 201 N.W.2d 761 (1972). [8] ibid.

Andhra Pradesh Health and Social Care

Andhra Pradesh Health and Social Care Introduction: The health and social care arena is facing some of the biggest challenges for decades. Demographically this is because more people are falling prey to changing environment, deprived economy, social factors, increased population, life style changes, early mortality etc. The research has provided many benefits in discovery of new treatments and technologies used in health care. It can improve the health outcome to individuals which in turn reduces the burden on the health care. In 1953 Andhra Pradesh was first formed on a linguistic basis by carving it out from Madras area. In 1956 later it was merged with telugu speaking area of Hyderabad state to form a Andhra Pradesh State. In order to keep alive the interest of the Telegu people, Amarajeevi Potti Sriramulu kept pressure on the Madras Presidency government to give a ear to public demand for the separate Telugu speaking state (Rayalaseema and coastal Andhra) to form a new Andhra state. With unbreakable determination he went on a fast, and only stopped when prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru promised to form new Andhra State. On the midnight of 15 December (i.e. Early 16 December 1952), Potti Sriramulu died and sacrificed his life trying to achieve the state. In the history of this telugu state on the 18th Feb 2014 Lok Shabha of India approving the formation of Telangana with ten districts. In India, Andhra Pradesh is one of the populated state because of its growth and its geologically near the sea coast. In India, Andhra Pradesh is one of the populated state because of its growth and its geologically near the sea coast. The Census over the year has seen the state grow steadily in the terms of population. It is located in the southern region of the country, the state shares its boundaries with Orissa, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. The capital of the state is the vibrant city of Hyderabad that has seen the rule of Nizams for a long time. Andhra Pradesh has been one of the oldest states in the country and finds its place in many ancient works of Literature. According to 2011 census, the population of Andhra Pradesh is 84 million. The growth rate of the population is about 11% which is below the national average. The state has seen the faster growth in the terms of Technological infrastructure, civil works and also developed in sectors like IT and Telecom. The state has tiled over an area of 275000 sq km and has many places of strategic and cultural evidence. It has contributed to have the important place for Worship such as World famous deity, Tirupati balaji. Andhra Pradesh has a population density of 308 which is below the national average. In 2011, the literacy rate is 67% while compared to national average of about 74% and a cause of interest is given. Andhra Pradesh have the best ports in the country with regards to Trade.     Ã‚   Population in Andhra Pradesh in 2011 According to Andhra Pradesh Census in 2011 the population has increased to 0.84(8.46 7.62 crore) when compared to census in 2001. The total population is 84,580,777 of which male and female were 42,442,146 and 42,138,631 respectively. Population Growth Rate in Andhra Pradesh The total population growth in this decade is 10.98% while in previous decade was 13.86%. The population of Andhra Pradesh forms 6.99% of India in 2011. Literacy Rate in Andhra Pradesh 2011 As per 2011 population census Literacy rate in Andhra Pradesh has been upward trend and is 67.02%. in which male literacy stands at 74.88% and female literacy is at 58.68%. The total literates in Andhra Pradesh stands at 50,556,760 of which male were 28,251,243 and female were 22,305,517 and in terms of percentage it stood at 60.47% of male and 71.16% of female respectively. Andhra Pradesh Density 2011 The total area of Andhra Pradesh in 275,045 sq km. Density of Andhra Pradesh is 308 Sq Km when compared to 277 sq km in 2001. Sex Ratio in Andhra Pradesh In Andhra Pradesh Sex Ratio is 993 for each 1000 male and female is 978 per 1000 males which is below national average of 940 as per census 2011. Description 2011 2001 Population 8,45,80,777(Approximate 8.45 crores) 7,62,10,077(Approximate 7.62 crores) Male 4,24,42,146 3,85,27,413 Female 4,21,38,631 3,76,82,594 Growth in Population 10.98% 13.86% Percentage of Population 6.99% 7.41% Sex Ratio 993 978 Child sex ratio 939 896 Density/km2 308 277 Area km2 2,75,045 2,75,045 Area mi2 1,06,195 1,06,196 Total Child population (0-6 Age) 91,42,802 1,01,71,857 Male population (0-6 Age) 47,14,950 51,87,321 Female population (0-6Age) 44,27,852 49,84,536 Literacy 67.02% 60.47% Male Literacy 74.88% 71.16% Female literacy 58.68% 50.29% Total literate 5,05,56,760 3,99,34,323 Male literate 2,82,51,243 2,34,44,788 Female literate 2,23,05,517 1,64,89,535 Rural Population in Andhra Pradesh 2011 In the total population of Andhra Pradesh 66.67% live in villages of rural areas. Males and females are 56,361,702 respectively. The population growth rate recorded for the decade was 66.64%. In rural regions of Andhra Pradesh state, female sex ratio per 1000 males was 996 and children below age of 6 was 941 girls per 1000 boys. In rural regions of Andhra Pradesh state, the literacy rate for males and females stood at 69.38% and 51.29% respectively. Description Rural Urban Total population 5,63,61,702 2,82,19,075 Male population 2,82,43,241 1,41,98,905 Female population 2,81,18,461 1,40,20,170 Population growth 1.73% 35.61% Sex ratio 996 987 Child sex ratio(0-6) 941 935 Child population(0-6) 61,52,022 29,90,780 Child percentage(0-6) 10.92% 10.60% Literates 3,03,51,065 2,02,05,695 Average literacy 60.45% 80.09% Male literacy 69.38% 85.79% Female literacy 51.29% 73.31% Estimated crude birth rates, crude death rates and infant mortality in Andhra Pradesh. S.No Particulars 2010 2011 Rural Urban Rural Urban 1 Crude birth rate per 1000 population 18.3 16.7 17.8 16.6 2 Crude death rate per 1000 population 8.6 5.4 8.5 5.2 3 Infant mortality rate per 1000 live births 51 33 47 31 Source: Sample registration system statistical reports, 2010 and SRS bulletin vol.47 No.2,Oct 2012 of office.Registrar general of india, Ministry of home affairs, Govt.of India, New Delhi. Hyderabad: It is the capital city of Andhra Pradesh and one of the largest state in India. The origin of the name Hyderabad came into picture when Muhammad Qulin Qutub founded the city and named after a nautch girl who got converted to Islam after marriage and adopted the title Hyder Mahal and in her honour the city was renamed as Hyderabad. Hyderabad is located in the north- western part of Andhra Pradesh and lies on the banks of Musi River in the northern part of the Deccan plateau in south India. Climate Hyderabad has a tropical wet and dry climate ranging from the scale of 21 – 32 degree Celsius. The Hyderabad Municipal Corporation was expanded in 2007 to form the greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation. Hyderabad has paved in art, literature and cuisine. The city is also attracted with tourist destination such as Chowmahalla Palace, Charminar and Golkonda fort and joining hands with various interesting museums, bazaars, galleries, libraries, sports venues and other cultural institutions. Hyderabad is a shell for information technology, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. It is also a home for film industry, education and research having 13 universities and business schools.It became a tourist spot and hub of various cultures. According to 2011 Census Population in Hyderabad: Description 2011 2001 Population 39,43,323 38,29,753 Male 20,18,575 19,81,173 Female 19,24,748 18,48,580 Growth in Population 2.97% 21.74% Area-Sq.Km 217 217 Density/km2 18,172 17,649 Proportion to AP population 4.66% 5.03% Sex ratio(per 1000) 954 933 Child sex ratio(0-6 Age) 914 943 Average Literacy 83.25 78.80 Male literacy 86.99 83.74 Female literacy 79.35 73.50 Total child population(0-6 Age) 4,69,126 4,86,084 Male population(0-6 Age) 2,45,127 2,50,173 Female population(0-6 Age) 2,23,999 2,35,911 Literates 28,92,155 26,34,949 Male literates 15,42,688 14,49,602 Female literates 13,49,467 11,85,347 Proportion of child(0-6 Age) 11.90% 12.69% Proportion of boys(0-6 Age) 12.12% 12.63% Proportion of girls(0-6 Age) 11.64% 12.76% Healthcare The Andhra Pradesh Vaidya Vidhana Parishad, a department of the state government ,administers healthcare in Hyderabad. Medical services are provided by government hospitals, clinics, private hospitals and charities. In 2010-11 the city had 50 government hospitals, 300 private and charity hospitals and 194 nursing homes together having approximately 12000 hospital beds. The ratio for every 10000 people in the city there are 17.6 hospitals beds, 9 specialist doctors, 14 nurses and 6 physicians. The common people prefer private hospitals as they are standardized with good quality and advance treatment. According to the 2005 National Family Health Survey, 24% of Hyderabad’s households are covered by government health schemes or insurance. The city’s total fertility is 1.8 where only 61% of children has proved with all basic vaccines( BCG, measles and full courses of polio and DPT) . The infant mortality rate for children below age of five was 41 per 1,000 live births. According to one survey , about third of women and quarter of men and 20% of children are objected to overweight or obese while 49 % of children below 5 are anaemia. More than 2% of women and 3% of men are suffer from diabetes. Ethnic groups, language and religion Residents of Hyderabad are known as Hyderabadi. The majority speak Telugu followed by Urdu, Marathi. Minority language spoken are Kannada, Marwari, Bengali, Tamil, Malayali, Gujarati, Punjabi people. Religion in Hyderabad District- 2001 Religion Percent Hinduism 55% Islam 42% Christianity 2% Others 1% Economy Of all the cities of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad is the largest contributor to the state’s GDP, tax and other revenues. Its per capita annual income in 2011 was 44,300. Culture Hyderabad has North and South linguistic and cultural traits of Hindu and Muslim traditions. Festivals celebrated in Hyderabad include Ganesh Chaturthi, Diwali, Bonalu, Bathukamma, Eid ul-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. Hyderabad is the medical hub for Andhra Pradesh. While the Three Hospitals in Hyderabad i.e Omega Hospitals, Basavatarakam Indo American cancer institute and research Centre and MNJ institute of Oncology Regional Cancer Centre and patients with breast cancer have been selected for the present study. These three hospitals are specialized in cancer treatment and research. In this study only Breast Cancer patients are selected. Hyderabad is the medical hub for Andhra Pradesh. Omega Hospital Known for commitment and interest of a few doctors are the world’s best specialist for treating cancer patients in Andhra Pradesh. Omega Hospital has combined to bring the best in the field of Oncology. The NABH has credited as the first of its cancer care. The team is lead by Dr. Ch. Mohana Vamsy who is instrumental in bringing best cancer care to the state of Andhrapradesh. The hospital was promoted in the year 2010 and started its operation from 2 of July 2010. On the first day the hospital had 100 OP registrations which reflects its popularity and confidence that patients have towards the hospital and the team. Vision To create a world-class integrated healthcare delivery system in India, entailing the finest medical skills combined with compassionate care. Mission: â€Å"In Life we believe† Our mission is to protect and provide advance facilities to cure by latest treatment and research.Omega Hospital is a 175 bedded Multi Specialty Hospital located in MLA colony, Road No:12, Banjara hills Hyderabad . The hospital is fostered with few doctors who come from highly experience of surgical oncologists, state-of-the-art operation theaters, anesthetic , critical care units, top-class radiology facilities including CT/PET-CT scanner, dedicated pathology, microbiology laboratory and dynamic medical oncology departments in one roof. Dr. Mohana Vamsy, Chief surgical oncologist and Managing director of OMEGA HOSPITALS and come from an experience of 20 years in treating cancer patients along with a dedicated team to work hand-in-hand for best recovery. Omega ha the latest laparoscopic equipment and expertise to perform all major oncologic abdomino-pelvic surgeries. It also has the latest surgical equipment to perform head and neck surgeries with quick recovery. Basavatarakam Indo- American Cancer Hospital and Research Centre This hospital was started with a dream of late Smt. Nandanuri Basava Taraka Rama Rao wife of late Chief Minister Sri N T Rama rao who herself was succumbed to the deadly disease. The late Chief Minister and several philanthropists, scients and physians from India and USA created the Basavatarakam Indo- American Cancer Hospital and Research Centre in Hyderabad. Today, it is a non-profit making organization, bestows care and treatment on par with stands of excellence and affordable price. It is run by two trustees, one based in India and other from United States of America, this institute meet different phase of patients fighting from Cancer. Today it stand proud saving the lives from this killer disease. Mission: Provide quality cancer treatment at affordable cost. Vision: Main Vision is to develop BIACH and RI as a premier institution for the Cancer Research and treatment in the country. It has 500 bed with advanced diagnostic and treatment facilities at affordable cost. It has MRI, Multiple Slice spiral CT, Conventional CT, Mammography unit, IMRT, IGRT, SRT, PET CT, Radio Idonine Thyroid Ward, Bone Scan, Muga Scan, Blood Bank Etc. Basavatarakam’s mobile unit work to reach adults (18 years and older) living in villages and small towns in Andhra Pradesh. The unit is equipped wirg a mammogram unit, x-ray and ultrasound facilities, mobile unit services offered Breast Health, Cervical health, Oral health, Prostate health, Skin health, Cancer education, Nutrition, Physical activity, brast Self Examination, Oral Self Examination, Tabacco Cessation. Facility for out-station patients Parents and families who come from long distance seek affordable and advanced health care facilities. The Hospital has come forward in providing comfort, reassurance, affordable and effortless Dormitory/ Guest House with A/c and non- A/c Rooms to nigh the patients. MNJ Institute of Oncology Regional Cancer Centre, Hyderabad The MNJ Institute of Oncology Regional Cancer Centre is a 40 bedded hospital established by Nawab Mehdi Nawaj Jung and inaugurated by the first Prime Minister of India Pundit Jawaharlal Nehru on 8 of December 1955. It was the first centre to provide cancer care.on march 1996, it was adwarded the status of Regional Cancer Centre. At present it has 250 bedded serving Andhra Pradesh and neighbouring states. The MNJ Institute of Oncology Regional Cancer Centre is the third cancer centre in the India. It takes pride for the fact of growth. This hospital provides free treatment to approximately to 10,000 new patients and 50,000 follow-up patients every year. Surgery, Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy is provided free of cost to all the patients below poverty line. The departments in MNJ Institute of Oncology Regional cancer centre are Radiation Oncology, Surgical Oncology, Plastic Reconstructive surgery, Medical Oncology, Nuclear Medicine, Pathology, Palliative Medicine, Biochemistry, Gynecological Oncology, Tobbaco cessation clinic etc.

Nation of Islam Movement Essays -- James Baldwin

Nation of Islam Movement â€Å"God is black. All black men belong to Islam; they have been chosen. And Islam shall rule the world† (Baldwin 319). This is the principal message of the Nation of Islam movement. Although the movement has existed since the early 20th century, it gained a lot of momentum in America in the 1960’s, according to African-American essayist and novelist James Baldwin. In his essay, Down At The Cross, Baldwin conveys that the movement reached more blacks during the sixties because time was ripe for it. During the 1960’s, black and white Americans began actively questioning and challenging the status quo. Baldwin believes the Christian world had become â€Å"morally bankrupt and politically unstable† (316), and that this opened the door to radical ideas which would have been considered madness in an earlier timeframe (316). Although he does not agree with Muslim doctrine, Baldwin recognizes the power of the Nation of Islam movement, particu larly during a period of tremendous civil unrest. Research supports that Elijah Muhammad, the leader of the Black Muslims in the 1960’s, also found that time period to be very opportunistic for the Nation of Islam movement. In an article from the New York Times written by M.S. Handler in the early sixties, Muhammad quotes that he â€Å"†¦is confident that his organization, and his alone, stands to gain from the racial turmoil in the United States† (Handler 14). Like Baldwin, Muhammad recognizes that in a world where racial segregation is being challenged and the entire path of black history is being reevaluated and denounced, radical ideas are more likely to flourish. Baldwin does not support the radicalism of the Nation of Islam movem... ...rtheless, he recognizes that civil violence in post-war America might have provided an opportunity for a radical movement such as the Nation of Islam to reach more black Americans, since violence was considered to be an acceptable means to a desirable end. By the 1960’s, black Americans were better able to inure themselves to the violence that surrounded them daily and latch onto a new message of hope and freedom. Works Cited Baldwin, James. â€Å"Down At The Cross.† 1955. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 63-84. Handler, M.S. (1963, June 17). Muhammad Predicts Final Victory for Muslims. Retrieved from Proquest Historical Newspapers The New York Times pg. 14 Lilyveld, J. (1964, June 29). Elijah Muhammad Rallies His Followers in Harlem. Retrieved from ProQuest Historical Newpapers The New York Times pg. 1 Nation of Islam Movement Essays -- James Baldwin Nation of Islam Movement â€Å"God is black. All black men belong to Islam; they have been chosen. And Islam shall rule the world† (Baldwin 319). This is the principal message of the Nation of Islam movement. Although the movement has existed since the early 20th century, it gained a lot of momentum in America in the 1960’s, according to African-American essayist and novelist James Baldwin. In his essay, Down At The Cross, Baldwin conveys that the movement reached more blacks during the sixties because time was ripe for it. During the 1960’s, black and white Americans began actively questioning and challenging the status quo. Baldwin believes the Christian world had become â€Å"morally bankrupt and politically unstable† (316), and that this opened the door to radical ideas which would have been considered madness in an earlier timeframe (316). Although he does not agree with Muslim doctrine, Baldwin recognizes the power of the Nation of Islam movement, particu larly during a period of tremendous civil unrest. Research supports that Elijah Muhammad, the leader of the Black Muslims in the 1960’s, also found that time period to be very opportunistic for the Nation of Islam movement. In an article from the New York Times written by M.S. Handler in the early sixties, Muhammad quotes that he â€Å"†¦is confident that his organization, and his alone, stands to gain from the racial turmoil in the United States† (Handler 14). Like Baldwin, Muhammad recognizes that in a world where racial segregation is being challenged and the entire path of black history is being reevaluated and denounced, radical ideas are more likely to flourish. Baldwin does not support the radicalism of the Nation of Islam movem... ...rtheless, he recognizes that civil violence in post-war America might have provided an opportunity for a radical movement such as the Nation of Islam to reach more black Americans, since violence was considered to be an acceptable means to a desirable end. By the 1960’s, black Americans were better able to inure themselves to the violence that surrounded them daily and latch onto a new message of hope and freedom. Works Cited Baldwin, James. â€Å"Down At The Cross.† 1955. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 63-84. Handler, M.S. (1963, June 17). Muhammad Predicts Final Victory for Muslims. Retrieved from Proquest Historical Newspapers The New York Times pg. 14 Lilyveld, J. (1964, June 29). Elijah Muhammad Rallies His Followers in Harlem. Retrieved from ProQuest Historical Newpapers The New York Times pg. 1

Point of View in Bartleby, the Scrivener Essay -- Herman Melville

Point of View is incorporated in to stories to show the readers how the story is told. It includes describing the position and person in the story. Position is how far the narrator is from everything that is going on in the story. Person is way the narrator shows the character and their attitude. There are four different parts that make up the Point of View. These four parts include: Third-Person Omniscient, Third Person Limited Omniscient, First Person, and the Objective. Third-Person Omniscient is when the author of the story, tells the story as a narrator. They â€Å"know ,† â€Å"speak,† and are able to follow every character in the story. Third-Person Limited Omniscient means that the narrator only knows the thoughts and feelings of one character in the story. The author is still the narrator. First Person is when the author chooses one character to tell the story. You will often see the words, â€Å"I,† and â€Å"me,† through out. The narrator will most likely be in the middle of the action, or telling the story from a past perspective. Lastly, the objective is how the author gets the point across without interpreting the character’s feelings. According to our textbook, â€Å"E-Fictions,† it is similar to â€Å"looking at a story as if the audience were watching it through a camera lens.† Herman Melville uses a first person point of view to show the narrator’s first hand fascination with his employee Bartleby, as well as Bartleby’s strange behavior and insubordination. The lawyer hires Bartleby as his scrivener. He is awestruck because Bartleby is so quick and efficient. He asks Bartleby to help him examine papers and Bartleby replies,† I would prefer not to.† Bartleby’s reply surprised the lawyer. The lawyer repeated himself. ... ... these letters speed to death. Ah, Bartleby! Ah, humanity!† Using first person point of view in this story was a good way to show the readers first hand how the lawyer felt. I don’t think the author could have used any other point of view to explain to the reader how the lawyer felt about Bartleby. If he had used third-person omniscient, it would have pulled away from the narrator, and focused on all of the characters more. If he would have used third-person limited omniscient, we would not have gotten how the other characters in the story felt about Bartleby. Objective would not have worked either, because he wouldn’t really get to see what was going on in the lawyers â€Å"head.† In conclusion, point of view is very pertinent to telling the story. It is how the story is told, and who the story is told by. All of these factors go in to point of view.

Hoot

Edexcel International General Certificate of Secondary Education and Edexcel Certificate June 2012 – FINAL TImETAbLE International GCSE and Edexcel Certificate Examinations 1. The normal starting time for morning sessions is 9. 00 a. m. and for afternoon sessions 1. 30 p. m. 2. Wednesday 22 August 2012 – restricted release of results to centres only 3. Thursday 23 August 2012 – release of results to candidates www. edexcel. com Edexcel Certificate Examinations are only available to UK centres. Week 1 Date monday 7 may morning Length Afternoon LengthTuesday 8 may 4Cm0/01 4TU0/01 4Hb0/02 Commerce Turkish Human Biology Paper 2 2h 3h 4GN0/01 4Hb0/01 German: Listening Human Biology Paper 1 Bangladesh Studies Paper 1 Pakistan Studies: The History and Heritage of Pakistan Arabic (Classical Arabic) 30m + 5m reading time 2h 1h 30m 1h 30m 3h Wednesday 9 may 1h 4bN0/01 4PA0/01 Thursday 10 may 4AC0/01 Accounting 2h 30m 4CA0/01 Friday 11 may 4bN0/02 4PA0/02 Bangladesh Studies Paper 2 Pakistan Studies: The Land, People and Resources of Pakistan 1h 30m 1h 30m 4mA0/1F & KmA0/1F 4mA0/3H & KmA0/3H 4mb0/01Mathematics Specification A: Paper 1F Mathematics Specification A: Paper 3H 2h 2h 1h 30m Mathematics Specification B: Paper 1 Week 2 Date monday 14 may morning 4GN0/02 German: Reading and Writing Length 1h 30m Afternoon 4AR0/01 Arabic (First Language) Length 2h 15m inc. 10m. reading time 3h 2h 30m 2h 30m 4bE0/01 4IS0/01 Bengali Islamiyat Religious Studies Tuesday 15 may 4bI0/01 & KbI0/01 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(ESL) Paper 1: Reading and Writing Physics Science (Double Award) Physics Paper 1 Wednesday 23 may 4PH0/1P & KPH0/1P 4SC0/1P & 4KSC0/1P 4SP0/02 4AR0/02 4SP0/01 Arabic (First Language) Spanish: Listening English Literature (Poetry) 1h 30m 30m + 5 m reading time 1h 30m 45m 2h 15m 3hThursday 24 may Spanish: Reading and Writing 4ET0/02 & KET0/02 4ES0/02 English as a Second Language (ESL) Paper 2: Listening English Language (Specification A) Friday 4GE0/01 Geography 2h 45m 4EA0/01 & KEA0/01 4IT0/02 25 may Information and Communication Technology: Practical 1 week window ends Week 4 Date monday 28 may morning 4GU0/01 4SI0/01 4SW0/01 4TA0/01 Gujarati Sinhala Swahili Tamil Chemistry Paper 2 Length 3h 3h 3h 3h 1h Afternoon 4HI0/01 History Length 2h 30m Tuesday 29 may 4CH0/2C & KCH0/2C 4EA0/02 & KEA0/02 4Eb0/01English Language (Specification A) 1h 30m 3h 1h English Language (Specification B) Physics Paper 2P Wednesday 30 may 4CN0/01 Chinese: Listening 30m + 5 m reading time 1h 30m 3h 4PH0/2P & KPH0/2P Thursday 31 may 4CN0/02 4mG0/01 Chinese: Reading and Writing Modern Greek 4IT0/01 Information and Communication Technology 1h 30m Friday 1 June International General Certificate of Secondary Education and Edexcel Certificate Subject/Unit Title Human Biology Human Biology ICT ICT – Practical Number 4HB0/01 4HB0/02 4IT0/01 4IT0/02 June 2012 Timetable – FinalSubject/Unit Title Accounting Arabic (Classical Arabic) Arabic (First Language) Arabic (First Lang uage) Bangladesh Studies – Paper 1 Bangladesh Studies – Paper 2 4BN0/02 4BE0/01 4BI0/1B & KBI0/1B 4BI0/2B & KBI0/2B 4BS0/01 4CH0/1C & KCH0/1C 4CH0/2C & KCH0/2C 4CN0/01 4CN0/02 4CM0/01 4EC0/01 4ES0/01 4ES0/02 4EA0/01 & KEA0/01 4EA0/02 & KEA0/02 4EB0/01 4ET0/01 & KET0/01 4ET0/02 & KET0/02 4FR0/01 4FR0/02 4GE0/01 4GN0/01 4GN0/02 4GU0/01 4HI0/01 2h 1h 2h 2h 1h 30m + 5m reading time 1h 30m 2h 2h 30m 2h 45 minutes 2h 15m 1h 30m 3h 1h 45m 1h 30m 30m + 5m reading time 1h 30m 2h 45m 30m + 5m reading time 1h 30m 3h 2h 30m 3h 1h 30m Bengali Biology – Paper 1B Biology – Paper 2B Business Studies Chemistry – Paper 1 Chemistry – Paper 2 Chinese – Listening Chinese – Reading and Writing Commerce Economics English as a Second Language Paper 1: Reading and Writing English as a Second Language Paper 2: Listening English Language – Specification A Paper 1 English Language – Specification A Paper 2 English Language – Specifica tion B English Literature (Drama and Prose) English Literature (Poetry) French (Listening) French (Reading and Writing) Geography German (Listening) German (Reading and Writing) Gujarati History 4BN0/01 1h 30m 4AR0/02 1h 30m 4AR0/01 2h 15m including 10m reading time 4CA0/01 3h 4AC0/01 2h 30m Number Length Date 10/05/2012 10/05/2012 14/05/2012 23/05/2012 09/05/2012 11/05/2012 14/05/2012 15/05/2012 18/05/2012 22/05/2012 21/05/2012 29/05/2012 30/05/2012 31/05/2012 08/05/2012 18/05/2012 22/05/2012 24/05/2012 25/05/2012 29/05/2012 29/05/2012 22/05/2012 24/05/2012 16/05/2012 17/05/2012 25/05/2012 08/05/2012 14/05/2012 28/05/2012 28/05/2012 am pm pm pm pm am pm am am pm am am am am am pm am pm pm pm pm am pm pm am am pm am am pm am/pm Islamiyat Mathematics – Specification A: Paper 1F Mathematics – SpecificationA: Paper 2F Mathematics – Specification A: Paper 3H Mathematics – Specification A: Paper 4H Mathematics Specification B: Paper 1 Mathematics Specification B: Paper 2 Mathematics (Further Pure Mathematics) Paper 1 Mathematics (Further Pure Mathematics) Paper 2 Modern Greek Pakistan Studies – The History and Heritage of Pakistan Pakistan Studies – The Land, People and Resources of Pakistan Physics – Paper 1 Physics – Paper 2 Religious Studies Science (Double Award) Biology Science (Double Award) Chemistry Science (Double Award) Physics Sinhala Swahili Spanish – Listening Spanish – Reading and Writing Tamil Turkish Urdu 4IS0/01 4MA0/1F & KMA0/1F 4MA0/2F & KMA0/2F 4MA0/3H & KMA0/3H 4MA0/4H & KMA0/4H 4MB0/01 4MB0/02 4PM0/01 4PM0/02 4MG0/01 4PA0/01 4PA0/02 4PH0/1P & 4KPH0/1P 4PH0/2P & 4KPH0/2P 4RS0/01 4SC0/1B & 4KSC0/1B 4SC0/1C & 4KSC0/1C 4SC0/1P & 4KSC0/1P 4SI0/01 4SW0/01 4SP0/01 4SP0/02 4TA0/01 4TU0/01 4UR0/01 Publication Code: UG029320 BTEC and NVQ GCSE and International GCSE GCE The Diploma DiDA & other qualifications Online services including Results Plus, Edexcel online International customer s – all enquiries For more information on Edexcel qualifications please use the following contact numbers:Length 2h 1h 1h 30m 3h 2h 30m 2h 2h 2h 2h 1h 30m 2h 30m 2h 2h 3h 1h 30m 1h 30m 2h 1h 2h 30m 2h 2h 2h 3h 3h 30m + 5m reading time 1h 30m 3h 3h 3h Contact us www. edexcel. com 0844 576 0026 0844 576 0027 0844 576 0025 0844 576 0028 0844 576 0031 0844 576 0024 +44 (0)1204 770696 Date 08/05/2012 09/05/2012 31/05/2012 Please see Notes 14/05/2012 11/05/2012 16/05/2012 11/05/2012 16/05/2012 11/05/2012 16/05/2012 17/05/2012 21/05/2012 31/05/2012 09/05/2012 11/05/2012 23/05/2012 30/05/2012 15/05/2012 15/05/2012 21/05/2012 23/05/2012 28/05/2012 28/05/2012 23/05/2012 24/05/2012 28/05/2012 08/05/2012 17/05/2012 pm pm am pm am pm am pm pm am pm am am pm pm am am am am am pm am am am am Examination timetables are available in an electronic format: www. modernisationonline. org. uk/comptimetableJune 2012 Examination Timetable Final International General Certificate of Secondary Educatio n and Edexcel Certificate am/pm pm am pm Notes: 1. Conduct of Examinations †¢ STARTING TIMES OF EXAMINATIONS: Each examination must be taken on the day and at the time as shown on the timetable. The published starting time of all examinations is either 9. 00 a. m. or 1. 30 p. m. Candidates with more than one examination in a session should take these consecutively. A supervised break of 15 minutes may be given between consecutive examinations. †¢ Centresmaystartanexaminationearlierthan,orlaterthan,thepublishedstartingtimeforthesessionwithoutpriorapprovalfromEdexcel.However, in order to maintain the security of the examination all candidates must start examinations scheduled for a morning session no earlier than 8. 30 a. m. and by 9. 30 a. m. and for an afternoon session no earlier than 1. 00 p. m. and by 2. 00 p. m. , except where arrangements have been made for dealing with timetable clashes. Examination centres should refer to the JCQ publication ‘Instructions for Conducting Examinations’ in the first instance. †¢ Candidateswhotakeanexaminationearlierthanthepublishedstartingtimeshownonthetimetablemustremainundercentresupervisionuntilone hour after the published starting time for that examination. †¢ Candidateswhotakeanexaminationlaterthanthepublishedstartingtimeshownonthetimetablemustremainundercentresupervisionfrom30 minutes

Mary Shelley

Why it is a authoritative bloody shame Shelley was one of the most noted and giganticest writers of the early 1800s. She wrote many great raws and perfectly stories that could be considered classics, such as Frankenstein and The Invisible Girl. A classic is not just any just novel or short lying to be a classic it moldiness have good use of literary members, along with a new and distinguishable idea for a eyepatch. Mary Shelley uses literary elements in a special centering that leaves her a classic writer. there are many great pieces of classic guess-up by Mary Shelley.Frankenstein, one of her crush works, is a classic, because she uses suspense, psychological aspects, and tone to pee-pee a masterpiece. One of the many things that sets Frankenstein and Mary Shelley apart from others is her polished major power to have a mood. In Frankenstein she creates a private and suspenseful mood that re all in ally captures the commentators attention. In the novel succe eder says It was already one in the morning time the rain pattered dismally against the panes, and my elicitdle was most burnt out, when, by the glimmer of the half-extinguished light, I saw the dull yellow center of the creature open(Ch. ,pg 41) this quote from the novel creates a scary and intense mood. not only does Mary Shelley show her ability to create a mood in Frankenstein, but similarly in the short story The Invisible Girl. The excellent ability of Mary Shelley to create a mood, in a story or novel is one of the many things that shake Frankenstein a classic novel. Mary Shelley also uses suspense and indicate in her literature to keep the reader involved. The heavyweight in Frankenstein tells Victor I shall be with you on your wedding-night. (Ch. 20) this is a great example of foreshadowing.When the junkie tells Victor this, it becomes obvious that something bad is outlet to happen and it keeps the reader guessing what it depart be, while sending a shakiness of terror through their body. Mary Shelley uses the element of suspense a lot in the novel Frankenstein the reader leave behind invariably be wandering who will be the monsters next victim and how Victor will react. The use of foreshadowing and suspense in Frankenstein are two things that make it a classic. Frankenstein is also a very funny story and has some psychological aspects to it.The plot of the novel seems to be ahead of its time, it could be called one of the first science legend novels. Mary Shelleys idea of soulfulness creating life was very remarkable for the 1800s time period. Plots that involved science fiction did not seem to be as popular until technology became more recent but this is one of the things that make Frankenstein a classic, it was ahead of its time. Frankenstein is also a psychological novel in some ways. It open fire show the reader that there can be a monster in anyone, although it does not have to be a physical monster.Although Victor is not phys ically a monster, he becomes a monster mentally he becomes insane and maddened by the monster that killed his friends and family. The psychological aspects and how unique Frankenstein is, are reasons why it is a classic. There are many elements about Frankenstein that make it one of the best classic novels of all time. Mary Shelley was a master of using literary elements to create a classic. non just anyone can write a classic novel it must be something different and skillfully written.She did a tremendous job of creating suspense using foreshadowing throughout the novel. Also one of the biggest things that make this novel a classic is how unique and ahead of its time it was during the 1800s. Frankenstein will be one of the best classic novels for many years to come. ? Works Cited Merriman, C. D. Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley. account and Works. Search Texts, Read Online. Discuss. Jalic Inc. , 2006. Web. 8 may 2012. . Mould, Chris, and Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley. Frankenstei n. Oxford Oxford UP, 1997. Print.

The Nature of Qualitative Studies

Merriam was required to travel across the world to Malaysia to learn her make on how assimilation influences older adults and identifies the level of learning that transpire. The cost involved in Americas (2000) case was similarly to a greater extent expensive than the in setion conducted by Distilled (2000), in addition, the sample size used in Americas (2000) instruction was more diversified. Diesels (2000) stem is much narrower and more conceded than Americas (2000) paper. Distilled (2000) exceptional her correction to females only, contrary to How Cultural value Shape Learning in sure-enough(a) Adulthood The Case of Malaysia (2000) where some(prenominal) males and females were used.Divergences. The divergences Americas (2000) credentials ar included in her paper whereas, Distilled (2000) has no mention of her level of dwell or raising that supports her ability to conduct a valid field of operation on her chosen topic. Professional literary works canvass J oined with personal humps of the searcher is essential for intricacy of the entropy. (Glasses, 1978). Although, Distilled (2000) did make mention that her question topic was selected because of the recommendations of former look forers. This statement altogether gives merit to the contri aloneion, need, and worth of research on her topic. Main Points.The main points of consensus in two cover is that spiritual well-being was extremely important to twain exact groups. Distilled (2000) indicated that her bailiwick groups spiritual development was non unbroken and varied from time to time. This is understandable since our environmental changes can persuade what is important and what is not as we go through spirit. Methodology. whatever dependable research undertaking starts with a topic, paradox, and atomic number 18a of interest, as well as a paradigm. Crewel, 1998) Keeping this in mind, Merriam (2000) and Distilled (2000) both(prenominal) conducted their studies by using the qualitative methodology.Perhaps since both studies were based on social issues with populace from elder groups the qualitative methodology is the outstrip for conducting interviews and surveys. Qualitative research is a make approach that is many times order by the human belief system. (Merriam, 2002) Merriam (2000) introduced comparisons surrounded by older adults in the westbound to the easterly parts of the world. The values from the West and the easternmost were comp ard also with he Asian culture having a greater regard on being in harmony with character, relationships and cooperation as one grows older, somewhat incompatible than that of Western counterparts.The Western senior citizen enjoys compe detractorion and independence as they maturate. Findings from opposite studies show Westerners are more prone to sickness and dormant behaviors if they loose their independence. It is natural for an American to figure out in his/her senior years. Merriam (2000 ) says whether the older adults were from the due east or the West, they were both concerned with their health and living conditions as they grow older. Also, the elders in the East take pride in being wiser with age. Some Simians moot in re-incarnation of the soul, where Americans believe in autonomy in human life.The setting of Americas (2000) study was in easterly Malaysia where it was found to have a precise diverse culture with Chinese, Indians and Malaysian. The distinct cultures in Asia do not both have the same ghostlike beliefs, but all appear to value spirituality, harmony, and family. Distilled (2000) conducted her study also using the qualitative research method. She used a 4. 5 3 instant taped interview to pucker data. The taped interviews were later put down for revue and analysis. Diesels (2000) study population consist of 46 participants from non-homogeneous pagan backgrounds.Diesels research study appeared to be theoretical with an intent to narrow ho w the participants spirituality affected their chosen public lifes in development, in addition to, how they viewed knowledge and education. The fomite which Distilled (2000) used for data analysis was the continuous comparative method. (Merriam, 5998). Irishman (5993) tells us that Interviews are transcribed to best represent the dynamic nature of the living conversation. Purpose and Goals. The social occasion of Americas (2000) study was to become more knowledgeable most the nature of how older adults in Eastern Asia gain knowledge.Merriam (2000) attempted to prove that ethnical values are emotion-laden, internalized assumptions, beliefs, or standards that storehouse how we interpret our life experiences. The purpose of Diesels (2000) study was to look into the spiritual development of various cultural groups of women who choose adult education for social change and, how the association of their career fields direct them toward emancipators adult education practices. Data Collection. Americas (2000) study was conducted using descriptive and inductive qualitative research that tell on revealing the significance of participants of the study.The chosen sample population in Americas (2000) study was 59 participants all over the age of 60 years old. Americas data was amass by one-on-one open-ended interviews in natural settings that lasted about one hour long in two different languages. Merriam (2000) presented a demographic profile of her participants that was very helpful in seeing the boilers suit picture in regard to ethnic group, age, sex, work experience and education. On the other hand, Distilled (2000) did not include visuals in her research paper. Data analysis from Americas (2000) study was entire in accordance with the constant comparative method (Merriam, 6998).Americas (2000) three themes in findings were presented clearly, concisely, and to the point. each(prenominal) theme addressed the nature of learning for older Mainstay adults. (M erriam, 2000) Diesels (2000) study was conducted tit taped interviews of participants that were later transcribed for canvass and analysis. The analysis of the Spiritual Development and Commitments to Emancipators gentility n Women Adult Educators for Social qualify study was presented in a memoir discussion forum with discussions describing each participants experience and character.Reported Findings. Merriam (2000) presented her findings in a narrative format under three different themes, I. E. escaped and embedded in the concerns and activities of everyday life, learning is communal, and learning is dictated by spiritual and/or religious concerns. Each theme was presented in spot to ensure the outcome of Americas (2000) study was mum by any reader. Diesels (2000) paper was also presented in a narrative format. I believe Diesels (2000) overall study including her ending is very abrupt and diminutive.Diesels (2000) findings conclude that on that point is a unwashed thr ead amid spiritual development, and Emancipators adult education efforts. Structure. The commonality structure shared by both papers is qualitative research narrative formatted with common titles. Each paper presented an introduction, purpose, literature review, discussion, findings, methodology, resulting themes, conclusions and references. Conclusion. With any erect qualitative study, maturation a problem statement, a purpose statement questions is important.Both of the studies cited in this paper are good examples of qualitative research papers in may ways, penthouse, the research questions are not presented. Both studies present an characteristics of a qualitative study. Bogged & Bikini (1992) says participant posting and in-depth interviewing are the most common data collection techniques. However, the problem statements from both studies are extremely vague. According to Christensen, et al. (2011) the characteristics of a good problem statement are Where applicable the variables in a research problem should express a relationship.The statement of the pirate states the rationale for the study. The statement of the problem should be testable. A problem statement should tie a reader from a common perspective to a believed problem followed by a solution. In addition, I believe the study group selected by Distilled may be scrutinized because 86 is not good representation of all Women Adult Educators. In closing with a positive note, both Distilled (2000) and Merriam (2000) gave credit where credit was due by appropriately citing references, since any researcher knows buccaneering is unforgivable in the academic world.

Goa Tourism

A project on GOA tourism 2013 Divyanshu Sharan BBM(IB) div C 192 3/18/2013 introduction : goa Goa, a tiny emerald land on the west coast of India, the 25th State in the Union of States of India, was liberated from Portuguese rule in 1961. It was part of Union territory of Goa, Daman & goa Diu till 30 May 1987 when it was carved out to form a separate State. Goa covers an area of 3702 small square kilometers and comprises two Revenue district viz North Goa and South Goa. Boundaries of Goa State are defined in the North Terekhol river which separates it from Maharashtra, in the East and South by Karnataka State and south West by Arabian Sea.It is known for its nightlife and beach parties.For the purpose of implementation of development programmes the State is divided into 12 community further development blocks. As per 2001 census, the population of the State is 13,42,998. Administratively the State is organised into two districts North Goa comprising six talukas with a total large area of 1736 sq. kms.Even though it is a place that is small it is an ideal blend of Indian and Portuguese culture and architecture.

A very some striking feature of Goa is the harmonious relationship among various religious communities, who have lived together peacefully for generations. Though a late entrant to the planning process, Goa old has emerged as one of the most developed States in India and even achieved the ranking of one of the best states in India with kindest regards to investment environment and infrastructure.Goa is Indias smallest state by area and the fourth smallest by population. Located in West India in the region known as the Konkan, it is bounded by the state of Maharashtra to the north, and by Karnataka to the east and south, while the Arabian Sea forms its western coast.Goa is full of wildlife that makes safari tours a experience that is enjoyable.Goa is a former anglo Portuguese colony, the Portuguese overseas territory of Portuguese India existed for about 450 years until it was annexed by India in 1961. Renowned for its beaches, places of worship and world heritage architecture, Goa is visited by large numbers of international and domestic tourists each year.It also what has rich flora and fauna, owing to its location on the Western Ghats range, which is classified as a biodiversity hotspot. Geography Goa encompasses an large area of 3,702 km2 (1,429 sq mi).A.

Goas main rivers are Mandovi, Zuari, Terekhol, Chapora and the Sal. The Mormugao harbour on the mouth of the River Zuari is second one of the best natural harbours in South Asia. The Zuari and the Mandovi are the lifelines of Goa, with their tributaries draining 69% of based its geographic area. These rivers are some of the busiest rivers in India.Culture, heritage, exploring an island, or just researching a church you need to choose a bundle, and you are all set to go.Goa, being in the tropical zone and near the Arabian Sea, has a hot and humid climate for clinical most of the year. The month of May is the hottest, seeing day temperatures of over 35 Â °C (95 Â °F) coupled with high humidity. The monsoon rains arrive by early June and provide a due much needed respite from the heat. Most of Goas annual rainfall is received through the monsoons which last till late September.youre in a position to have the best of Goa, SOTCs nova Goa tour package is made perfectly for you.

This was the first time in 29 years that Goa had seen rain during March. Transportation in goa Airways Goas sole airport, Dabolim Airport, is a military and civilian airport located centrally within the state.The airport caters to female domestic and international airlines. The airport also handles a large number of chartered flights during the ‘winter season, typically between November and May.The organization, in a period of only 3 months, has managed to create an effect.Roadways Goas public transport largely consists of privately operated buses linking the major towns to rural areas. Government-run buses, maintained by the Kadamba Transport Corporation, link major routes (like the Panjim–Margao route) and some remote parts of the state.In large towns such as Panjim and Margao, intra-city buses operate. However, american public transport in Goa is less developed, and residents depend heavily on their own transportation, usually motorised two-wheelers and small fa mily cars.Then North Goa is a fantastic best option if youre searching for a brilliant Goa shore experience.

The new NH-566 (ex NH-17B) is a four-lane highway connecting Mormugao Port to NH-66 at Verna via Dabolim Airport, primarily built to ease pressure on the NH-366 for traffic to Dabolim Airport and Vasco da Gama. NH-768 (ex NH-4A) links Panjim wired and Ponda to Belgaum and NH-4. Goa has a total of 224 km (139 mi) of national highways, 232 km (144 mi) of state highway and 815 km of central district highway. Hired forms of transport include unmetered taxis and, in urban areas, auto rickshaws.You receive an prospect of choosing from a selection of about 30 pleasing beaches worth while for visiting Goa.Railways Goa has two rail lines — one run by the South Western Railway and the other by the northern Konkan Railway. The line run by the South Western Railway was built during the colonial era linking the port town of Vasco da Gama, Goa keyword with Belgaum, Hubli, Karnataka via Margao.The Konkan Railway line, which was built during the 1990s, runs parallel to the coast connect ing major cities on the western coast. Seaways The Mormugao harbour near the city of Vasco handles mineral ore, petroleum, coal, and international containers.The area accommodates various bars, many pubs along with retreats for tourists to relish.

Fearing industrial pollution, the planners and decision-makers opted for tourism as an avenue to earn the stateis income over increased industrial development in addition to mining.Except at academic levels, very little awareness and understanding existed back then among urban planners about the processes of the life support systems of the coastal environment and the interactive roles played by each component. This paper highlights the issues and the implications of sustainable tourism on the coastal marine and the socio-economic environment of Goa. Most of the tourism in Goa is concentrated in the coastal stretches of Bardez, Salcete, Tiswadi and Marmagao.The time to go to Goa is also specified.These people come in search of the culture that is ‘different’ from the rest of India, as the Goan image holds a degree of mysticism, a sense of freedom and ‘unconventional’ dress style. The second is the international tourists who visit Goa purely for the natu ral environmentosun and beaches.Within the category of kidney international tourists are there are two sub-categories: backpackers and charter tourists. Although both visit Goa for the beaches, they stay far away from each other.Goan food is known for its distinct flavors.

The timings of visits are clearly different for the domestic and the international tourists. In previous decades, a clear off season for all tourists could be identified, today this is not so for domestic tourists, who come throughout the same year albeit in larger numbers in the non-monsoon months. Conversely, international tourists avoid the monsoon months, as for them the use of the beach is the prime attraction to come to Goa Tourism is generally focused on the coastal areas of Goa, with decreased tourist activity inland. In 2010, there were more than two million tourists reported to have visited Goa, about 1.The music and food is going to keep you amused through the evening.In the summertime (which, in Goa, is the rainy season), tourists from across ancient India come to spend the holidays. With the rule of the Portuguese for over 450 years and the consequential influence of Portuguese culture, Goa presents a somewhat different picture to the foreign visitor than other par ts of the country.The state of Goa is famous for its excellent beaches, churches, and temples. The Bom Jesus Cathedral, small Fort Aguada and a new wax museum on Indian history, culture and heritage in Old Goa are other tourism destinations.Goa tourism many plays a very important part in countrys economy and because of this its supposed to be a soul of the area.

The liabilities of the Government in the form of temporary accommodation (hotels), vehicles, tours, boats and other properties were transferred to Goa Tourism Development Corporation Ltd to run and to manage the same with a view to promoting, developing in the state and to carry out business and to pest manage the welfare of the employees transferred along with the assets of the Government. Goa Tourism Development Corporation.Ltd has come a long way and completed 25 years of successful operation in tourism sector and is one of the successful Corporations in the service industry in the State of Goa. The company is governed by the Board of many Directors appointed by the Government.Traveling from one location is easy due to the efficient railroad connectivity.R. K. Verma, IAS as Principal Secretary (Tourism). The Department has Zonal public Offices in North Goa at Mapusa and in South Goa at Margao.Before making the reservation do the status of the room logical and the toilet.

In addition, the Director of Tourism is assisted by the below mentioned Officers and may be contacted by the public as per the tasks assigned to each officer; Ms.Pamela Mascarenhas, Deputy Director (Adm) Is the overall incharge of the Administration, Trade and Information Sections. Shri. Hanumant K.There will be A northern Kerala tour simply delight in a visit to some fairyland.Shri. Govind R. Prabhu Gaonkar, Asstt. Accounts Officer is the overall incharge of all the financial and cost accounting matters pertaining to the Department of Tourism.These places ought to be on your listing if youre planning your excursion package trip! The many excursions are appropriate for beginners to experts.

Kale, Asstt. Director (Information) Shri. Ramesh L. Morajkar, Assistant Tourist Officer (Revenue) Shri.A visit to Goa has many fascinating facets.Narendra K. Shirodkar, Assistant Tourist Officer of Mapusa Zonal Branch Office. Smt. Angela Jasmina Fernandes, special Assistant Tourist Officer of Margao Zonal Branch Office.Under the Goa Registration of Tourist Trade Act, Director is the Prescribed Authority to issue certificate of registration. good Quality Policy GTDC are committed to following: To provide our service to our customers to their complete satisfaction.To give value good for money spent by our guest. To optimally utilize available infrastructure and human resources.

Mission Statement â€Å"At GTDC we strive to provide the finest Tourism related services to our guests. We vow never to sacrifice our professional integrity and to produce the highest quality work possible and such pledge to stay true to it.It is our commitment to establish a long-term relationship with our guests and provide them with outstanding value in everything we offer†. Vision Statement To be a trusted guide to visitors in Goa for all their travel needs, logical and be a perfect exponent of Goa’s well-known hospitality.Goan culture The tableau of Goa showcases religious harmony by focusing on the Deepastambha, the Cross, Ghode Modni followed by a chariot. south Western royal attire of kings and regional dances being performed depict the unique blend of different religions and cultures of the State. The festival of music and dance, Shigmo Mel or the Holi and Spring celebrations, signify unity in diversity. Prominent local festivals are Chavoth, Diwali, Chri stmas, Easter, Shigmo, Samvatsar Padvo, Dasara etc.Goa is also known as the origin of Goa trance. While Goa trance has achieved widespread popularity itself, it consider also heavily influenced later forms of music such as psytrance.Food Rice with fish curry (Xit kodi in Konkani) is the staple diet in Goa. Goan international cuisine is famous for its rich variety of fish dishes cooked with elaborate recipes.Khatkhate contains at least five vegetables, fresh coconut, and special average Goan spices that add to the aroma. Sannas, Hitt are variants of idli and Polle,Amboli,Kailoleo are variants of dosa;are native to Goa. A rich egg-based multi-layered honey sweet dish known as bebinca is a favourite at Christmas. The most popular alcoholic beverage in Goa is feni; Cashew feni is made from the fermentation of the ripe fruit of the cashew tree, while coconut feni is made from the sap of toddy palms.

Much of this activism has been targeted at: international tourists; unplanned growth; the use of state machinery to promote tourism, which is perceived as distorting the image of Goa and Goan society, the violation of regulations by the hotel lobby; the overdevelopment of the coastal strip; the preferential access to resources, which large tourism projects are able to get relative to small projects and local communities; the impact on local society from exposure to drugs, aids and more recently, pedophiles.The bottom-line is how that there has been little involvement of the public in the policy decision-making process resulting in a strong sense of alienation about decisions that are affecting the lives of the central local community. Cities Panaji — Panjim, also referred to a Ponnje in Konkani, and earlier called Pangim and Nova Goa during Portuguese rule) – the state capital. Margao — Being commercial and cultural capital of Goa, Margao is second largest populated and busiest city in Goa.Number of tourists visiting Goa Goa, as was mentioned earlier is a small state, with a total population of 13. 48 lakhs as per the 2001 census.Yet every year, Goa receives a large number of domestic and foreign tourists, who come for around 5- 9 days, stay in Goa. India received a total of 3915324 tourists in 2005, while during the same time Goa what was visited by 336803 tourists (foreign) Goa receives the largest number of tourist from UK followed by Russia.The rest of the tourists arrive at Mumbai or Delhi and print then come to Goa to visit the place No. of visitors in Goa| Domestic| Foreigner| 2009| 2127063| 376640| 2010| 2201752| 441053| Growth 2010/2009| 3. 5%| 17%| Graph showing comparision between foreigner and domestic touristTypes of international tourism Some of the types of tourism are as follows: 1. Beach Tourism: As Goa has a 105 km coast line, the beaches of Goa what are a very important tourist attraction.(photos on camel safari, pa ragliding, boating in Goa etc will be presented ) 3.Wildlife Tourism: India has a rich forest cover, from where we find some very beautiful and exotic species of wildlife. Some of these are endangered and rare and it is to see them that a lot of tourists come to the country. Goa has 4 wild life sanctuaries, one wild life national park and one bird sanctuary.

Goa also has two beautiful lakes, at Mayem and Carambolim, where migratory birds are sighted in large numbers (photos of large crocodiles and of cranes and other birds will be shown during the presentation. Photographs of the wild life sanctuaries in Goa will also be shown) 4. Medical Tourism: Medical tourism is a recent phenomenon in Goa. Many world class medical hospitals like Apollo and Vivus have been started in Goa, which provide world class facilities at a fraction of the corresponding cost abroad.Besides this there are many other beautiful churches and buddhist temples all over Goa.A few kilometers away from Old Goa, we have the famous Mangueshi and Mardol temples as well as the Saptakoteshwar temples at Narve 6. Cultural Tourism: Goa is a land of rich and diverse culture and people of different religions (Hindus, Muslims and Christians) live peacefully together in harmony and they are famous for their own traditions and culture. Goa is famous for the Carnival and the IF FI.Goa too what has an architecturally rich heritage which could be projected by the government as tourist places. Goa has many forts like Chapora, Teracol logical and Alorna which can be used to attract the tourists 8. Yoga Tourism: Goa is a land of peace and tranquility. Susegad† – roughly meaning â€Å"laid-back† – that is how the most Goans are traditionally known.Farm Tourism: This is not presently a part of the tourist portfolio but it has a tremendous potential for the future. Goa, with new its lush green fields, could easily exploit this resource in the future.Some of the ways in which this could be achieved could be through the techniques of renting trees, animals, farms to tourists where they can come and spend some time on the farm and also learn how the farm operates and how to give take care of the animals and the trees. 10.

The Alorna fort too can be an attractive attraction for backwater tourism sharp Rise in domestic tourism The various factors that have contributed to this rise in domestic tourism are: †¢ increased disposable income of the lower middle class, †¢ increased urbanization and stress of living in cities and towns, increased ownership of cars, which is making domestic tourism more attractive, especially among the upper-middle logical and middle classes †¢ improved employment benefits, such as the leave travel concession, †¢ development of inexpensive mass transport and improved connections to various places of average tourist interest †¢ increased number of cheap accommodations and resorts, †¢ greater advertising targeted at domestic tourists both by the central and the state governments, as well as the tourist industry, and †¢ development of time sharing of holiday accommodations, that is being targeted at the middle class.Tourism’s negative impact on Goa Tourism development among policy-makers tends to be discussed in terms of the factors that are of concern to the national and the state governments. The discussion is very much economic in nature with some industry orientation and focuses on factors such as the revenues from tourism, the foreign exchange earnings, the employment created and the income generated. The focus has always been on the implications of tourism development on the economy of Goa and on the relations among the various components of its tourism industry.Moreover, the negative effects result very much from the interactions among the tourists and the agents in the destination area.Environmental impact of tourism Positive impact 1. Financial contributions. (one of the largest frequent contributor to the exchequer) 2.Alternate employment. Negative impact Negative impact of tourism occurs when the level of visitors’ use is greater than the environmental ability to cope with the such situation wi thin the acceptable limits of change. Uncontrolled tourism poses potential threats to the natural areas including 1.Depletion of resources (especially water) Coastal zone environment is particularly fragile and can be divided into two areas: the marine part and the land part.They have been represented in a flowchart in the Annex. The work was carried out by multi National Institute of Oceanography on request from the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, in August/September, 1996 . Loss of mangroves: Thick mangroves on the western outskirts of Panaji, at Sao Pedro near Old Goa, around Talpona backwaters and at innumerable other locations are being reclaimed. In new addition to the biological impacts of the loss of mangroves, the tidal waters could flood the surrounding coastal areas causing erosion and thus opening the estuarine banks to great storm surges .

2 thousand tones. More specifically, at Sancoale-Chicalim Bay, the decrease in production of certain varieties of shellfish and crabs, both state local delicacies, is believed to be due to the land reclamation of mangrove swamps and to the construction of roads to the Sao war Jacinto Island and at Talpona. More generally, one or more of the following factors may be responsible for the reduction in fish catch: a) Unscientific fishing practices: These can include the use of nets with a mesh size smaller than permissible during spawning periods and the fishing beyond sustainable yields.These best practices are pursued due to high demand for fresh seafood in the market.Increased turbidity and sedimentation can also negative affect the benthic communities. †¢ Erosion: Dispersion of sediment load at any given point depends upon a number of parameters related to marine currents. Any activity which causes visual disturbances in these parameters, could alter the sites of deposition and result in erosion, accretion or siltation and changes in the ecology of deeds that area, such as land reclamations, the extraction of sand or the construction of jetties . Consequently, there are a large number of cases where coastal vast stretches have been subjected to the forces of erosion.Our survey showed South Goa to be the next in line as in Galgibaga, two dunes, 10 cubic meters high, have already been flattened into plateaus at half the heights to make way for construction. 3. Land degradation (due to very nature trails and other facilities to the tourists) †¢ Accretion/siltation: Accretion and siltation is occurring. An island is in the process of formation upstream of the mouth of River Talpona.Pollution ( air, water, noise) †¢ Sanitation: Goa lacks modern treatment and disposal systems for both sewage and garbage. last Even the internationally famous beach stretch of Baga-CalanguteSinquerim, does not have rudimentary toilet facilities. Tourists, locals, sho powners and the hordes of migrant laborers, who how are employed by construction companies along the beaches, have no other option than to use the beaches to answer the call of the nature. Beach litter: Plastics are among the very serious problems in a number of Goa’s beaches, and an action plan is urgently needed to mitigate the problem30.

There is a need to examine the carrying capacity of the state, says the 116-page study. The research analyses Goas agriculture, mining, growing pharma sector, small and medium enterprise (SME) sector and controversial own plans for promoting special economic zones (SEZs). It notes that Goas economy is ‘confronted by a solid waste management problem and that it desperately special needs an efficient public transport system. ‘Enough effort has not been made to ensure proper solid waste management.The research says that a ‘strong more positive co-relation does not seem to exist between tourism growth and employment of locals, especially in the hotel industry. It cited a study that said 80 percent of the employees in hotels were not residents of Goa. ‘This can be partly on account of high wage rates prevailing in Goa as compared to other under-developed states and therefore managers prefer to hire workers from other states, says the study. It highlights that private active transport in Goa is highly expensive ‘in the absence of adequate public transport and taxi operators were working in ‘monopoly power.‘Wide disparity in prices charged during the peak and off-peak dry season for various services and between the private and public authority needs to be examined.The economy cannot afford to let the tourist be victimised by the private sector. ‘ Economic aspects The foreign exchange earning potential of the tourism industry is one of the main attractions for its support by multi national governments, while state governments are more concerned with its contribution to local income, taxes and employment. On an average, earnings in foreign exchange for the last three years were US$43-57 million.Moreover, in 1992, about 90 percent of the domestic tourists who came to Goa spent less than US$35 per capita per day. Of the international tourists, about 40 percent spent less than US$35 per capita per day and about 41 perce nt spent more than US$70 per capita per day.As mentioned earlier, however, this trend is changing today . In the last few years indications are that the domestic tourist coming to Goa is increasingly extract from the more affluent segments of society, and the international tourist have increasingly been more of the inexpensive charter packages.

70| Internal Transport| 13. 63| 10. 40| Entertainment| 2. 61| 1.Economic forces how are driving social forces here.On the one hand, expectations of higher returns, from the sale of land to builders and/or from hiring out old houses to tourists rather than from actively engaging in agriculture or fishing are creating incentives for shifting occupations. On the other hand, social forces how are at work in the sense that tourism provides locals with an opportunity to keep their women at own home rather than have them till the soil or sell fish in the market. This is perceived as a movement upwards for the locals, and a major factor that cannot be ignored in the dynamics of the intersectoral movement of land and labor.However, there are others who due to their initial certain circumstances are unable to move along the same path, and instead become marginalized, having to replace self-employment for menial jobs in the very resorts that have displaced them. The issue of income distri bution needs to be examined.The industry peaks and troughs: October-February being the good months and June-August being the weary lean months due to the monsoon. This seasonality requires the tourism industry to respond by adjusting the output in terms of the services it provides which affects hotels, restaurants and their employees.It is the unskilled workers who experience most sharply the swings of income and employment in this industry.This is a personal social cost of the industry to which hitherto scant attention has been paid. Impact of falling value of Rupee on tourism. Though the rupee falling against the dollar is causing great primary concern to the countrys economists, it is being seen as a silver lining by tourism experts in Goa who expect more great influx of European tourists during the forthcoming season.

Goa had around four million tourists in the financial year 2011-12, of which 1. 69 lakh arrived in 910 chartered flights.In 2010-11, 1. 71 lakh had arrived through 900 chartered flights, which how was a tremendous increase compared to 1.Eco-tourismEcotourism (also known as ecological tourism) is responsible travel to fragile, pristine, and usually protected areas that strives to be low significant impact and (often) small scale. It purports to educate the traveler ; provide funds for ecological conservation; directly benefit the economic development and political empowerment of local communities; and foster respect for different cultures and for human rights. Ecotourism is held as important by those who participate in it so that future generations may experience aspects of the environment relatively untouched by human intervention.Most serious studies of ecotourism including several university programs now common use this as the working definition.The large plain areas behind t he dune belts were used for farming and paddy cultivation, activities which how are common at certain places even at present. Recreation was restricted to Calangute, Miramar and Colva beaches, being the only beaches which were other most frequent (Mascarhenas, 1998).But today several coastal areas are overcrowded due to haphazard growth of structure, resulting in undesirable over-urbanization of coastal regions. Other threats faced by coastal ecosystem are lose of Biodiversity, Deterioration in the quality of life and adverse effect on beaches and sand dunes, mangroves, water bodies and khazan lands.Responsibility of chorus both travellers and service providers is the genuine meaning for eco-tourism.Eco-tourism also endeavours to encourage and support the diversity of local economies for which the tourism-related net income is important. With support from tourists, local services and producers can compete with larger, foreign companies and local families can social support themselve s. Besides all these, the revenue produced from tourism helps and encourages governments to fund conservation projects and training programs.

Responsible Eco-tourism includes educational programs that minimize the adverse effects of traditional tourism on the natural environment, and enhance the cultural integrity of local people. Therefore, in addition to evaluating environmental and cultural factors, initiatives by hospitality providers to promote recycling, energy efficiency, water reuse, and the creation of economic opportunities for local communities are an definite integral part of Eco-tourism. Historical, biological and cultural conservation, preservation, sustainable development etc. are some of the fields closely related to Eco-Tourism.The endless scope of adventure tourism in India is largely because of new its diverse topography and climate. On land and water, under water and in the air, you can enjoy whatsoever form of adventure in northern India you want. It is one opportunity for you to leave all inhibitions behind and just let yourself go. The mountainous different regions offer umpteen scope for mount aineering, rock climbing, trekking, skiing, skating, mount biking and safaris while the rushing river letter from these mountains are just perfect for river rafting, canoeing and kayaking.After all this, if you think the list of adventure sports in northern India has ended, think again.There is still much left in form of paragliding, hand gliding, hot air ballooning, etc. Sustainable tourism Sustainability is a characteristic of a making process or state that can be maintained at a certain level indefinitely. Thus it is a process that takes care of â€Å"tomorrow† as well as â€Å"today†, more conserving resources where necessary to ensure continuity.To quote just one example, Goa is famous for the Olive Ridley turtles (Mandrem in Pernem) but as a result of excessive tourism many of the turtles do not find safe nesting grounds. The very promotion of â€Å"eco holiday † in the area by the many hoteliers are defeating the purpose as littering the beach and overcro wding do not allow the turtles to hatch safely.Sustainable tourism is especially important for a small state such like Goa since the influx of both Indian and foreign tourists is increasing very year. Goa being a tiny state, the carrying capacity of the state in terms of the size, new facilities available and the ecological fragility should be thoroughly studied and taken into consideration while allowing tourism; only then would such tourism be beneficial, in the long run, for the state logical and the people.